Table 1.

Effect of co-substrate on the biodegradation of imidacloprid by resting cells of H. latericoloratus CGMCC 16346

Co-substrate	Content (mg/L)			Imidacloprid degradation rate (%)
	Reduced imidacloprid	5-Hydroxy	Olefin
Glucose	51.6 ± 7.2a	36.9 ± 5.6a	1.4 ± 0.1a	52.4
Maltose	59.1 ± 11.4a	41.0 ± 10.3ac	1.6 ± 0.3a	59.8
Pyruvate	52.0 ± 15.6a	46.0 ± 13.10c	ND	52.6
Succinate	10.6 ± 2.1b	5.0 ± 1.7b	ND	11.6
Control	9.0 ± 3.9b	3.6 ± 0.6b	ND	9.8

The OD₆₀₀ of the resting cell transformation broth was 5. The transformation time was 96 h. The data represent the mean values of triplicates. Mean values (± SD) within a column followed by different letters are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05 according to Duncan’s test