Table 3. Subgroup Analyses to Evaluate Factors Influencing Performance of FCN-Based Segmentation System on Validation Cohorts.
| Influential Factors | Subgroups | DSC | CSA Error (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MA | SFA | VFA | MA | SFA | VFA | ||
| Contrast enhancement (n* = 597) | Used (n = 277) | 0.96 ± 0.02 (0.84–0.99) | 0.97 ± 0.02 (0.84–0.99) | 0.97 ± 0.01 (0.92–0.99) | 2.38 ± 1.96 (0.02–10.51) | 3.35 ± 3.14 (0.05–23.30) | 2.00 ± 1.92 (0.02–14.84) |
| Not used (n = 320) | 0.96 ± 0.00 (0.75–0.99) | 0.97 ± 0.05 (0.34–0.99) | 0.97 ± 0.03 (0.90–0.99) | 2.15 ± 2.73 (< 0.01–20.36) | 4.60 ± 18.34 (0.03–326.36) | 1.86 ± 1.69 (0.01–12.74) | |
| p value† | 0.927 | 0.128 | 0.369 | 0.231 | 0.229 | 0.350 | |
| Segmented area size (n* = 597) | Highest quartile (n = 149) | 0.97 ± 0.02 (0.79–0.99) | 0.98 ± 0.02 (0.87–0.99) | 0.98 ± 0.00 (0.94–0.99) | 1.80 ± 2.11 (0.03–20.36) | 2.35 ± 1.67 (0.04–8.30) | 1.61 ± 1.40 (0.01–8.01) |
| Lowest quartile (n = 149) | 0.95 ± 0.03 (0.84–0.99) | 0.95 ± 0.06 (0.34–0.99) | 0.97 ± 0.01 (0.92–0.99) | 2.79 ± 3.07 (0.05–18.78) | 7.43 ± 26.68 (0.08–326.36) | 2.70 ± 2.35 (0.01–14.84) | |
| p value† | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.022 | < 0.001 | |
| Disease type (n* = 426) | Gastric cancer (n = 95) | 0.97 ± 0.02 (0.84–0.99) | 0.98 ± 0.01 (0.94–0.99) | 0.97 ± 0.01 (0.92–0.99) | 2.32 ± 1.93 (0.02–10.51) | 3.18 ± 2.28 (0.05–10.54) | 1.94 ± 1.75 (0.02–10.11) |
| Sepsis (n = 234) | 0.95 ± 0.03 (0.75–0.99) | 0.96 ± 0.05 (0.34–0.99) | 0.97 ± 0.01 (0.93–0.99) | 2.74 ± 3.08 (0.05–20.36) | 5.06 ± 21.48 (0.04–326.36) | 2.01 ± 1.92 (0.01–14.84) | |
| Healthy (n = 97) | 0.97 ± 0.01 (0.91–0.99) | 0.98 ± 0.02 (0.89–0.99) | 0.97 ± 0.01 (0.90–0.99) | 1.52 ± 1.48 (< 0.01–10.41) | 3.55 ± 2.83 (0.03–18.25) | 1.80 ± 1.66 (0.01–12.75) | |
| p value‡ | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.644 | < 0.001 | 0.318 | 0.521 | |
| Contrasted pairings§ | Cancer > sepsis (p < 0.001) | Cancer > sepsis (p < 0.001) | None | Sepsis > healthy (p < 0.001) | None | None | |
| Healthy > sepsis (p < 0.001) | Healthy > sepsis (p < 0.001) | Cancer > healthy (p = 0.003) | |||||
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, with range in parenthesis. *‘n’ indicates number of CT scans, †p values of independent t test, ‡p values of analysis of variance, §Pairings showing significant difference in Bonferroni corrected post-hoc t tests.