Table 4:
Odds ratios of lung cancer incidence by histological subtype comparing higher quintiles with the lowest quintile of circulating biomarkers
The Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3) Study (n = 3558 cases and 3558 controls)a
| Histological subtype and biomarker |
Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) by quintiles of biomarkerb |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | P trend | |
| Large cell carcinoma (174 cases and 174 controls) | ||||||
| Tryptophan (μmol/L) | 1.00 | 1.88 (0.94–3.74) | 1.94 (0.95–3.98) | 1.97 (0.90–4.31) | 1.96 (0.80–4.81) | 0.142 |
| Kynurenine (μmol/L) | 1.00 | 1.62 (0.73–3.57) | 1.25 (0.54–2.88) | 2.05 (0.96–4.36) | 2.28 (0.92–5.68) | 0.048 |
| KTR b | 1.00 | 0.40 (0.17–0.90) | 0.74 (0.34–1.61) | 1.02 (0.47–2.18) | 0.90 (0.40–2.04) | 0.339 |
| Quinolinic acid (nmol/L) | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.49–2.19) | 0.65 (0.31–1.37) | 1.12 (0.50–2.48) | 1.68 (0.68–4.12) | 0.344 |
| Neopterin (nmol/L) | 1.00 | 1.33 (0.51–3.49) | 1.70 (0.69–4.15) | 1.11 (0.41–3.02) | 1.97 (0.66–5.87) | 0.390 |
| Small cell carcinoma (492 cases and 492 controls) | ||||||
| Tryptophan (μmol/L) | 1.00 | 0.77 (0.51–1.17) | 0.74 (0.48–1.13) | 0.57 (0.37–0.88) | 0.82 (0.53–1.25) | 0.189 |
| Kynurenine (μmol/L) | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.58–1.32) | 1.02 (0.67–1.55) | 1.01 (0.64–1.59) | 0.99 (0.62–1.57) | 0.838 |
| KTR b | 1.00 | 0.65 (0.43–1.01) | 1.08 (0.70–1.65) | 0.74 (0.47–1.16) | 1.13 (0.71–1.80) | 0.447 |
| Quinolinic acid (nmol/L) | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.54–1.28) | 0.79 (0.51–1.25) | 1.37 (0.88–2.13) | 1.32 (0.81–2.14) | 0.071 |
| Neopterin (nmol/L) | 1.00 | 1.20 (0.75–1.92) | 1.07 (0.64–1.80) | 0.89 (0.53–1.50) | 1.29 (0.71–2.36) | 0.823 |
| Squamous cell carcinoma (836 cases and 836 controls) | ||||||
| Tryptophan (μmol/L) | 1.00 | 0.67 (0.49–0.93) | 0.68 (0.48–0.96) | 0.72 (0.51–1.01) | 0.76 (0.54–1.06) | 0.304 |
| Kynurenine (μmol/L) | 1.00 | 0.71 (0.50–1.00) | 1.21 (0.86–1.69) | 1.04 (0.73–1.47) | 1.22 (0.84–1.77) | 0.066 |
| KTRc | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.77–1.46) | 0.99 (0.71–1.38) | 1.01 (0.72–1.41) | 1.68 (1.17–2.43) | 0.023 |
| Quinolinic acid (nmol/L) | 1.00 | 1.58 (1.15–2.16) | 1.38 (0.99–1.93) | 1.56 (1.11–2.20) | 1.99 (1.35–2.91) | 0.003 |
| Neopterin (nmol/L) | 1.00 | 1.61 (1.14–2.26) | 1.21 (0.83–1.75) | 1.36 (0.92–2.01) | 1.34 (0.88–2.04) | 0.468 |
| Adenocarcinoma (2056 cases and 2056 controls) | ||||||
| Tryptophan (μmol/L) | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.79–1.17) | 0.98 (0.80–1.20) | 1.26 (1.01–1.56) | 0.89 (0.70–1.12) | 0.764 |
| Kynurenine (μmol/L) | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.85–1.27) | 1.14 (0.93–1.39) | 1.00 (0.80–1.24) | 1.09 (0.86–1.39) | 0.615 |
| KTRb | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.83–1.24) | 1.00 (0.82–1.23) | 1.00 (0.81–1.24) | 1.12 (0.89–1.40) | 0.426 |
| Quinolinic acid (nmol/L) | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.68–1.05) | 0.85 (0.68–1.06) | 1.01 (0.80–1.27) | 1.36 (1.05–1.74) | 0.009 |
| Neopterin (nmol/L) | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.84–1.29) | 1.13 (0.90–1.43) | 1.19 (0.92–1.52) | 1.27 (0.97–1.66) | 0.059 |
a
1,806 cases were other or unknown histological types of cancer, thus they and their individually matched controls were excluded from this analysis.
b
All models were adjusted for educational attainment (categorical), body mass index (kg/m2) (categorical), serum cotinine concentrations (continuous), estimated glomerular filtration rate (continuous), and cohort.
c
KTR, kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (x 1000).