Table 5:
Odds ratios of lung cancer incidence comparing higher quintiles with the lowest quintile of circulating biomarkers stratified by time from blood draw to cancer diagnosis, The Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3) Studya
| Time from blood draw to Cancer diagnosis and biomarkersa |
Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) by quintiles of biomarkerb |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | P trend | |
| < 2 years (552 cases and 552 controls) | ||||||
| Tryptophan (μmol/L) | 1.00 | 0.56 (0.37–0.85) | 0.65 (0.43–0.99) | 0.73 (0.47–1.14) | 0.72 (0.45–1.13) | 0.542 |
| Kynurenine (μmol/L) | 1.00 | 1.21 (0.78–1.89) | 1.22 (0.76–1.96) | 1.15 (0.71–1.87) | 1.86 (1.13–3.08) | 0.032 |
| KTRc | 1.00 | 1.14 (0.72–1.80) | 0.95 (0.60–1.52) | 0.98 (0.61–1.57) | 1.92 (1.17–3.14) | 0.024 |
| Quinolinic acid (nmol/L) | 1.00 | 1.20 (0.76–1.90) | 0.86 (0.53–1.38) | 1.62 (1.00–2.61) | 2.28 (1.38–3.77) | <0.001 |
| Neopterin (nmol/L) | 1.00 | 1.18 (0.73–1.89) | 1.22 (0.74–2.01) | 1.44 (0.82–2.51) | 1.52 (0.85–2.72) | 0.154 |
| 2–< 5 years (3093 cases and 3093 controls) | ||||||
| Tryptophan (μmol/L) | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.75–1.39) | 1.03 (0.75–1.41) | 0.97 (0.70–1.35) | 0.83 (0.59–1.17) | 0.279 |
| Kynurenine (μmol/L) | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.72–1.44) | 0.97 (0.69–1.36) | 0.95 (0.66–1.37) | 1.13 (0.76–1.66) | 0.689 |
| KTRc | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.71–1.35) | 0.93 (0.67–1.29) | 1.08 (0.78–1.51) | 1.29 (0.90–1.84) | 0.142 |
| Quinolinic acid (nmol/L) | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.62–1.21) | 0.77 (0.55–1.07) | 1.10 (0.79–1.54) | 1.24 (0.85–1.79) | 0.136 |
| Neopterin (nmol/L) | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.70–1.38) | 1.05 (0.72–1.54) | 1.76 (1.16–2.68) | 1.72 (1.10–2.67) | 0.003 |
| ≥ 5 years (467 cases and 467 controls) | ||||||
| Tryptophan (μmol/L) | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.70–1.03) | 0.84 (0.70–1.02) | 0.93 (0.77–1.13) | 0.85 (0.69–1.04) | 0.413 |
| Kynurenine (μmol/L) | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.79–1.13) | 1.13 (0.94–1.35) | 1.05 (0.87–1.28) | 1.17 (0.94–1.45) | 0.092 |
| KTRc | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.84–1.17) | 1.08 (0.91–1.29) | 1.09 (0.91–1.31) | 1.21 (0.98–1.48) | 0.058 |
| Quinolinic acid (nmol/L) | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.81–1.13) | 0.96 (0.8–1.15) | 1.21 (1.00–1.45) | 1.28 (1.03–1.59) | 0.005 |
| Neopterin (nmol/L) | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.89–1.28) | 1.09 (0.89–1.33) | 1.09 (0.87–1.35) | 1.22 (0.96–1.56) | 0.158 |
a
1,253 cases had missing information on the time interval from blood draw to cancer diagnosis, thus these cases and their individually matched controls were excluded from this analysis.
b
All models were adjusted for educational attainment (categorical), body mass index (kg/m2) (categorical), serum cotinine concentrations (continuous), estimated glomerular filtration rate (continuous), and cohort.
c
KTR, kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (x 1000).