Table 3.
Patient and trauma characteristics by initial operative approach
| INSTITUTION | NTDB | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laparotomy (n = 305) | Laparoscopy* (n = 88) | p-value | Laparotomy (n = 9,736) | Laparoscopy* (n = 1,663) | p-value | |
| Age at injury (years) | 16.7 [10.5, 18.0] | 10.7 [7.5, 14.8] | < 0.001 | 16 [12, 18] | 14 [8, 17] | < 0.001 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 219 (72%) | 52 (59%) | 0.023 | 7,360 (76%) | 1,167 (70%) | < 0.001 |
| Female | 86 (28%) | 36 (41%) | 2,374 (24%) | 494 (30%) | ||
| Race | ||||||
| White | 191 (63%) | 63 (72%) | 0.314 | 4.590 (47%) | 863 (52%) | 0.002 |
| Black | 89 (29%) | 21 (24%) | 2,924 (30%) | 446 (27%) | ||
| Asian | 1 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 138 (1%) | 22 (1%) | ||
| American Indian | 1 (0%) | 0 | 76 (1%) | 18 (1%) | ||
| Other/Unknown | 21 (7%) | 2 (2%) | 2,008 (20%) | 314 (19%) | ||
| Mechanism of Injury | ||||||
| Blunt | 184 (61%) | 62 (71%) | 0.001 | 4,853 (50%) | 862 (52%) | < 0.001 |
| Penetrating | 106 (35%) | 15 (17%) | 4,374 (45%) | 629 (38%) | ||
| Other/Unspecified | 14 (5%) | 10 (11%) | 509 (6%) | 172 (10%) | ||
| Location of operation | ||||||
| Children’s hospital | 116 (38%) | 78 (89%) | < 0.001 | 2,692 (28%) | 641 (39%) | < 0.001 |
| Adult hospital | 189 (62%) | 10 (11%) | 7,044 (72%) | 1,022 (61%) | ||
| Injury Severity Score | 18.0 [10.0, 33.0] | 10.0 [7.0, 17.5] | < 0.001 | 16 [9, 27] | 9 [4, 16] | < 0.001 |
| ED Pulse (beats per minute) | 107 [88.5, 128] | 104 [88, 117] | 0.230 | 104 [86, 125] | 102 [87, 119] | < 0.001 |
| ED Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 118.0 [102.0, 130.0] | 118.0 [109.5, 126.0] | 0.952 | 120 [104, 138] | 122 [110, 136] | < 0.001 |
| ED Respiratory Rate (breaths per minute) | 20 [17, 24] | 21 [18, 25] | 0.082 | 20 [18, 24] | 20 [18, 24] | 0.252 |
| ED Temperature (F) | 98.1 [97.5, 98.8] | 98.2 [97.7, 98.5] | 0.653 | 97.9 [97.0, 98.6] | 98.2 [97.5, 98.8] | < 0.001 |
| ED Glasgow Coma Score | 15 [11, 15] | 15 [15, 15] | 0.003 | 15 [14, 15] | 15 [15, 15] | < 0.001 |
| Time to Incision (hours) | 1.5 [0.8, 4.4] | 4.5 [3.0, 11.9] | < 0.001 | 1.8 [1,4] | 4 [2, 16.4] | < 0.001 |
*
Includes laparoscopy converted to laparotomy
NTDB, National Trauma Data Bank; ED, emergency department