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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr Surg. 2019 Jul 15;55(7):1211–1218. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.07.001

Table 5.

Operative outcomes by approach – therapeutic cases only

INSTITUTION NTDB
Laparotomy (n = 295) Laparoscopy (n = 47) p-value Laparotomy (n = 3,968) Laparoscopy (n = 402) p-value
Operating time 101 [66, 148] 88 [72, 130] 0.572 -- -- --
Estimated Blood Loss (ml) 300 [100, 1000] 15 [10, 25] < 0.001 -- -- --
Length of Hospital Stay (days) 6 [4, 12] 3.5 [2, 5] < 0.001 7 [4, 13] 3 [2, 7] < 0.001
ICU Days 1 [0, 4] 0 [0, 0] < 0.001 1 [0, 4] 0 [0, 1 < 0.001
Ventilator Days 0 [0, 2] 0 [0, 0] < 0.001 0 [0, 1] 0 [0, 0] < 0.001
Any Hospital Complication
No 195 (66%) 42 (89%) 0.001 3,276 (83%) 387 (96%) < 0.001
Yes 100 (34%) 5 (11%) 692 (17%) 15 (4%)
Missed Injury/Re-exploration
No 285 (97%) 47 (100%) 0.200 -- --
Yes 10 (3%) 0 -- --
Surgical Site Infection
No 284 (96%) 47 (100%) 0.178 3,817 (96%) 402 (100%) <0.001
Yes 11 (4%) 0 151 (4%) 0 (0%)
Postoperative ileus
No 275 (93%) 46 (98%) 0.217 -- -- --
Yes 20 (7%) 1 (2%) -- --
Small Bowel Obstruction
No 228 (77%) 34 (72%) 0.469 -- -- --
Yes 12 (4%) 1 (2%) -- --
No long-term follow-up 55 (19%) 12 (26%) -- --
Vital status at discharge
Alive 261 (88%) 46 (98%) 0.048 3,558 (90%) 392 (100%) < 0.001
Dead 34 (12%) 1 (2%) 381 (10%) 1 (0%)

Excludes conversions

Institutional hospital complications include: missed injury or re-exploration, unplanned return to OR, surgical site infection, other local infection, bacteremia, fungemia, or ileus

NTDB hospital complications include: abdominal compartment syndrome, abdominal fascia left open, acute renal failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, base deficit, bleeding, cardiac arrest with CPR, coagulopathy, coma, decubitus ulcer, surgical site infection, drag or alcohol withdrawal syndrome, deep vein thrombosis, extremity compartment syndrome, graft/prosthesis/flap failure, elevated intracranial pressure, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, stroke, systemic sepsis, unplanned intubation, or wound disruption