Table 3.
Adjusted estimates for change in each biomarker during follow-up with respect to pubertal status at baseline among Project Viva participants.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SE | β (95% CI)a | β (95% CI)a | β (95% CI)a | ||
| Pre-pubertal | Pubertal | Pubertal vs. pre-pubertal | Pubertal vs. pre-pubertal | Pubertal vs. pre-pubertal | |
| n = 677 | n = 187 | ||||
| ΔGlucose (mg/dL) | −5.01 ± 3.23 | −6.48 ± 3.71 | −1.48 (−6.15, 3.19) | −2.0 (−6.76, 2.74) | −1.99 (−6.76, 2.79) |
| ΔInsulin (μU/mL) | 9.14 ± 3.43 | 6.77 ± 3.91 | −2.37 (−7.21, 2.47) | −3.13 (−8.00, 1.74) | −2.82 (−7.70, 2.05) |
| ΔHOMA−IR | 1.78 ± 0.82 | 1.55 ± 0.95 | −0.23 (−1.47, 1.01) | −0.45 (−1.70, 0.79) | −0.40 (−1.65, 0.85) |
| ΔLeptin (ng/mL) | 5.65 ± 2.13 | 7.28 ± 2.42 | 1.62 (−1.44, 4.68) | 0.31 (−2.65,3.27) | 0.68 (−2.15, 3.52) |
| ΔAdiponectin (ng/mL) | −9.69 ± 0.44 | −9.62 ± 0.50 | 0.07 (−0.55, 0.69) | 0.22 (−0.41, 0.84) | 0.16 (−0.45, 0.77) |
| ΔTotal cholesterol (mg/dL) | 0.26 ± 4.20 | −8.11 ± 4.74 | −8.37 (−14.11, −2.62) | −7.99 (−13.86, −2.13) | −7.68 (−13.55, −1.81) |
| ΔHDL (mg/dL) | −1.06 ± 1.97 | −2.18 ± 2.22 | −1.13 (−3.83, 1.58) | −0.31 (−3.02,2.40) | −0.86 (−3.47, 1.74) |
| ΔLDL (mg/dL) | −1.61 ± 3.36 | −8.57 ± 3.80 | −6.96 (−11.57, −2.34) | −7.15 (−11.85, −2.44) | −6.45 (−11.05, −1.84) |
| ΔTriglycerides (mg/dL) | 10.57 ± 5.07 | 8.68 ± 5.72 | −1.89 (−8.86, 5.09) | −3.33 (−10.41, 3.76) | 2.41 (−9.39, 4.58) |
| ΔCRP (mg/L) | −0.17 ± 0.34 | −0.48 ± 0.38 | −0.32 (−0.78, 0.15) | −0.46 (−0.93, 0.02) | −0.43 (−0.90, 0.04) |
| ΔIL−6 (pg/mL) | 0.54 ± 0.57 | 0.05 ± 0.65 | −0.49 (−1.30, 0.31) | −0.67 (−1.49, 0.16) | −0.66 (−1.48, 0.16) |
| ΔSBP (mmHg) | 11.90± 1.07 | 12.48± 1.16 | 0.57 (−0.86, 2.01) | 0.47 (−0.98, 1.92) | 0.59 (−0.85, 2.03) |
HOMA-IR: homeostatic model insulin resistance; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; CRP: C-reactive protein; IL-6: interleukin-6; SBP: systolic blood pressure
a
Bolded font indicates statistical significance at P<0.05.
Model 1 Adjusted for sex, age at baseline and follow-up, baseline biomarker level, and race/ethnicity.
Model 2 Model 1 + weight status at baseline (overweight/obese vs. non-overweight/obese).
Model 3 Model 2 + change in BMI z-score