Table 1.
Clinical and Demographic Characteristic
| CON | R-BP | R-SZ | BP | SZ | Statistic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (% Male) | 68 (57%) | 24 (58%) | 77 (38%) | 57 (72%) | 86 (69%) | χ2 =21.63, p<.05 |
| Mean Age (SD) | 44.66 (11.32) | 42.92 (12.44) | 47.78 (13.57) | 48.47 (11.05) | 44.83 (10.22) | F4,307=1.94, p=.10 |
| BPRS - Mean (SD) | ||||||
| Sum Total | 27.89 (4.47)bcde | 34.56 (8.92)a | 31.96 (7.32)a | 36.03 (7.65)ac | 44.85 (11.92)abcd | F4,307=41.76, p<.001 |
| Positive | 1.02 (0.09) | 1.20 (0.50) | 1.18 (0.49) | 1.20 (0.31) | 2.38 (1.27) | - |
| Negative | 1.07 (0.21) | 1.33 (0.47) | 1.15 (0.34) | 1.28 (0.42) | 1.58 (0.78) | - |
| Disorganization | 1.24 (0.33) | 1.57 (0.59) | 1.53 (0.55) | 1.71 (0.57) | 2.00 (0.71) | |
| Depression/Anxiety | 1.39 (0.55) | 1.97 (0.79) | 1.86 (0.91) | 2.21 (1.17) | 2.27 (1.09) | - |
| Activation/Mania | 1.17 (0.38) | 1.38 (0.68) | 1.19 (0.41) | 1.45 (0.76) | 1.34 (0.54) | - |
|
SAPS/SANS –
Mean (SD) |
||||||
| Positive Sx | - | - | - | 0.81 (1.71) | 3.29 (3.37) | F139=25.49, p<.001 |
| Negative Sx | - | - | - | 2.23 (2.16) | 3.61 (2.97) | F139=8.76, p<.01 |
= differed from CON;
= differed from R-BP;
= differed from R-SCZ;
= differed from BP;
=differed from SCZ
Note. Participants consisted of individuals with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SZ) and their first-degree relatives (R-SZ), individuals with bipolar affective disorder (BP) and their first-degree relatives (R-BP), and healthy controls (CON). All participants were rated on current symptoms by the clinical interviewer using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS); BPRS Sum Total scores range 24–168, and factor scores range from 1 (Not Present) to 7 (Extremely Severe). SZ and BP were also rated on the Scale of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and Scale of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), which are scored on a range of 0 (None) to 4 (Marked). Across both clinical measures, the groups demonstrated the expected spectrum of symptoms: CON showed minimal current symptoms, relative groups had slightly higher symptom levels, and patients had the highest levels within the sample. Positive symptoms consistently differentiated SZ from other participants; however, the two psychiatric groups were comparably elevated in mood symptoms. Values are listed as means with standard deviations in parentheses, except where noted for gender proportions.