Table 2.
Association Between Personality and Symptoms.
| Negative Affect | Detachment | Antagonism | Disinhibition | Psychoticism | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (SE) | 95% CI | β (SE) | 95% CI | β (SE) | 95% CI | β (SE) | 95% CI | β (SE) | 95% CI | |
| Age | 0.01 (0.02) | [−0.03, 0.05] | 0.01 (0.03) | [−0.04, 0.06] | −0.01 (0.02) | [−0.06, 0.04] | −0.05 (0.02) | [−0.08, −0.01] | −0.03 (0.03) | [−0.08, 0.02] |
| Gender | 0.02 (0.04) | [−0.07, 0.11] | −0.02 (0.05) | [−0.13, 0.08] | −0.23 (0.05) | [−0.33, −0.13] | −0.06 (0.04) | [−0.13, 0.01] | −0.12 (0.06) | [−0.23, −0.01] |
| BPRS | ||||||||||
| Positive Sx | 0.06 (0.02) | [0.01, 0.11] | 0.11 (0.03) | [0.05, 0.17] | 0.10 (0.03) | [0.04, 0.16] | 0.02 (0.02) | [−0.02, 0.07] | 0.31 (0.03) | [0.25, 0.38] |
| Negative Sx | 0.00 (0.02) | [−0.05, 0.04] | 0.06 (0.03) | [0.01, 0.11] | −0.02 (0.03) | [−0.07, 0.03] | 0.05 (0.02) | [0.01, 0.09] | 0.05 (0.03) | [−0.01, 0.11] |
| Disorganization | 0.08 (0.03) | [0.03, 0.13] | 0.12 (0.03) | [0.06, 0.19] | 0.04 (0.03) | [−0.02, 0.10] | 0.05 (0.02) | [0.00, 0.09] | 0.05 (0.03) | [−0.02, 0.11] |
| Depression/ Anxiety | 0.16 (0.03) | [0.11, 0.21] | 0.22 (0.03) | [0.16, 0.27] | 0.04 (0.03) | [−0.02, 0.09] | 0.08 (0.02) | [0.03, 0.12] | 0.13 (0.03) | [0.07, 0.20] |
| Mania | −0.02 (0.02) | [−0.07, 0.02] | −0.06 (0.03) | [−0.11, 0.00] | 0.01 (0.02) | [−0.04, 0.06] | 0.04 (0.02) | [0.00, 0.08] | −0.01 (0.03) | [−0.06, 0.05] |
Note. A series of mixed effects models considered the relationship between current symptoms, as measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and maladaptive trait domains, as measured by the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). One of the most pronounced associations was between PID-5 Psychoticism and positive symptoms (i.e., hallucinations and delusions). Greater BPRS Depression/Anxiety symptoms predicted the largest changes in two PID-5 domains, Negative Affect and Detachment. Effect of family membership, included as a random effect in all models, was not significant for any of the PID-5 domain traits. Significant effects (p < .01) are noted in bold font.