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The internal normal strains and shear strains for the bovine IVD. The annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus data are overlaid. The strain directions are represented by the following key, 1= x direction, 2= y direction, 3= z direction, 12= xy plane, 13= xz plane, 23= yz plane. The nucleus has a slightly larger strain than the annulus. LE33 is shown as negative strain because the load was applied in the negative z direction. IVD, intervertebral disc.
