Table 2.
Results of the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) according to the four malocclusion severity stages and presence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and results of the univariate test for the malocclusion severity stages within each group. p-Values adjusted for age and gender are reported in italics. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) are reported in bold.
| Variable | Group | DAI | Mean | SD | 95% CI | p-Value Univariate Test | p-Value ANOVA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower Limit | Upper Limit | |||||||
| AC | JIA | ≤25 | 3.76 | 3.19 | 2.12 | 5.41 | 0.723 0.616 |
0.932 0.932 |
| 25–30 | 4.00 | 3.16 | 2.09 | 5.91 | ||||
| 31–35 | 4.00 | 2.31 | 1.86 | 6.14 | ||||
| ≥36 | 5.08 | 4.09 | 2.60 | 7.55 | ||||
| Control | ≤25 | 4.66 | 2.60 | 3.720 | 5.593 | 0.914 0.866 |
||
| 25–30 | 5.00 | 3.89 | 2.647 | 7.353 | ||||
| 31–35 | 5.23 | 2.31 | 3.832 | 6.630 | ||||
| ≥36 | 5.23 | 3.89 | 3.502 | 6.952 | ||||
| PSI | JIA | ≤25 | 6.76 | 6.88 | 3.23 | 10.30 | 0.090 0.078 |
0.775 0.789 |
| 25–30 | 13.00 | 14.47 | 4.26 | 21.74 | ||||
| 31–35 | 10.57 | 10.10 | 1.23 | 19.91 | ||||
| ≥36 | 16.08 | 11.32 | 9.23 | 22.92 | ||||
| Control | ≤25 | 7.34 | 9.20 | 4.03 | 10.66 | 0.126 0.090 |
||
| 25–30 | 14.38 | 8.71 | 9.12 | 19.65 | ||||
| 31–35 | 10.61 | 10.98 | 3.98 | 17.25 | ||||
| ≥36 | 12.50 | 9.47 | 8.30 | 16.70 | ||||
| DSC | JIA | ≤25 | 12.12 | 7.14 | 8.45 | 15.79 | 0.313 0.255 |
0.932 0.957 |
| 25–30 | 10.23 | 7.11 | 5.93 | 14.53 | ||||
| 31–35 | 8.29 | 5.31 | 3.37 | 13.20 | ||||
| ≥36 | 8.61 | 4.69 | 5.79 | 11.44 | ||||
| Control | ≤25 | 9.97 | 7.11 | 7.40 | 12.53 | 0.027 0.018 |
||
| 25–30 | 6.77 | 4.38 | 4.12 | 9.42 | ||||
| 31–35 | 4.69 | 3.15 | 2.79 | 6.59 | ||||
| ≥36 | 6.64 | 3.90 | 4.91 | 8.36 | ||||
| POS | JIA | ≤25 | 2.12 | 3.43 | 0.36 | 3.88 | 0.207 0.237 |
0.428 0.531 |
| 25–30 | 3.15 | 2.97 | 1.36 | 4.95 | ||||
| 31–35 | 3.14 | 2.48 | 0.85 | 5.44 | ||||
| ≥36 | 4.92 | 2.78 | 3.24 | 6.60 | ||||
| Control | ≤25 | 3.41 | 3.69 | 2.08 | 4.74 | 0.014 0.008 |
||
| 25–30 | 4.08 | 3.23 | 2.13 | 6.03 | ||||
| 31–35 | 7.00 | 4.38 | 4.35 | 9.65 | ||||
| ≥36 | 5.45 | 4.02 | 3.67 | 7.24 | ||||
| AC-IOTN | JIA | ≤25 | 1.76 | 0.66 | 1.42 | 2.11 | 0.002 0.001 |
0.272 0.279 |
| 25–30 | 2.62 | 1.44 | 1.74 | 3.49 | ||||
| 31–35 | 3.86 | 2.91 | 1.16 | 6.55 | ||||
| ≥36 | 4.15 | 2.44 | 2.68 | 5.63 | ||||
| Control | ≤25 | 2.19 | 1.09 | 1.79 | 2.58 | 0.006 0.004 |
||
| 25–30 | 3.31 | 1.80 | 2.22 | 4.39 | ||||
| 31–35 | 4.15 | 2.41 | 2.70 | 5.61 | ||||
| ≥36 | 3.23 | 1.93 | 2.37 | 4.08 | ||||
| Rosenberg | JIA | ≤25 | 20.06 | 1.56 | 19.26 | 20.86 | 0.458 0.587 |
0.635 0.596 |
| 25–30 | 20.69 | 2.06 | 19.45 | 21.93 | ||||
| 31–35 | 19.43 | 2.07 | 17.51 | 21.34 | ||||
| ≥36 | 20.46 | 1.45 | 19.58 | 21.34 | ||||
| Control | ≤25 | 19.87 | 1.47 | 19.34 | 20.41 | 0.303 0.324 |
||
| 25–30 | 19.85 | 1.86 | 18.72 | 20.97 | ||||
| 31–35 | 18.92 | 1.75 | 17.86 | 19.98 | ||||
| ≥36 | 19.23 | 2.27 | 18.22 | 20.23 | ||||
AC: Aesthetic Component; PSI: Psychosocial Impact; DSC: Dental Self-Confidence; POS: Perception of Occlusion Scale; AC-IOTN: Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need; DAI: Dental Aesthetic Index; SD: Standard Deviation; CI: Confidence Interval.