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. 2019 Dec 9;11(12):2045. doi: 10.3390/polym11122045

Table 1.

Overview of the used degumming methods.

Reference Process Solvent T (°C) Time (min)
D1 Autoclave MilliQ water 121 30
D2 Short Alkaline Boiling Na2CO3 0.02 mol/L 100 30
D3 Intensive Alkaline Boiling Na2CO3 0.02 mol/L 100 120
D4 Ultrasonication with probe * MilliQ water 60 60

* Branson Sonifier SFX-550 (Emmerson Ultrasonic Corporation. Dansbury, CT, USA) equipped with a disruptor horn and a 1/8” diameter tapered microtip. Sonication was set for 30 min with 50% amplitude, and the maximum temperature was set at 60 °C.