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. 2019 Dec 5;11(12):2017. doi: 10.3390/polym11122017

Figure 1.

Figure 1

(A) Depiction of some cell-based therapeutic strategies, including whole-cell based drug delivery, cell membrane-derived vesicles or/-coated nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles; (B) Overview of approaches currently used in non-genetic cell surface engineering, mainly consisted of covalent chemical conjugation and noncovalent physical bio-conjugation.