Table 2.

Association between DPs and odds of prevalent sarcopenia (at baseline and 3-year follow-up)^a and 3-year incident^b sarcopenia (OR, 95% CI) in all participants.

Dietary patterns (n)	Model 1	p	Model 2	p	Model 3	p	Model 4	p
Sarcopenia (baseline)
n	702		657		655		645
DP1	1.26 (0.80–1.98)	0.32	1.34 (0.80–2.22)	0.27	1.38 (0.82–2.33)	0.23	1.31 (0.77–2.22)	0.32
DP2	1.70 (1.09–2.64)	0.02	1.74 (1.06–2.83)	0.03	1.75 (1.06–2.90)	0.03	1.64 (0.95–2.77)	0.06
DP3 (ref)	1		1		1			1
3-year prevalent sarcopenia
n	373		356		356			353
DP1	1.53 (0.80–2.91)	0.2	1.87 (0.92–3.82)	0.08	1.85 (0.89–3.84)	0.1	1.77 (0.84–3.74)	0.13
DP2	2.65 (1.40–5.03)	0.003	2.72 (1.35–5.46)	0.005	2.57 (1.26–5.26)	0.01	2.42 (1.15–5.09)	0.02
DP3 (ref)	1		1		1			1
3-year incident sarcopenia
n	300		288		288			286
DP1	1.02 (0.42–2.51)	0.96	1.23 (0.46–3.30)	0.68	1.19 (0.43–3.33)	0.73	1.05 (0.37–3.03)	0.92
DP2	1.95 (0.81–4.68)	0.13	1.98 (0.76–5.13)	0.16	1.83 (0.67–5.00)	0.24	1.67 (0.59–4.67)	0.33
DP3 (ref)	1		1		1			1

DP1 ‘Low Red Meat’; DP2 ‘Traditional British’; DP3 ‘Low Butter’.

OR, odds ratios; CI, confidence intervals; DPs, dietary patterns; ref, reference group.

Model 1 is unadjusted.

Model 2 is adjusted for socio-demographic factors (sex, social class, education) and body mass index.

Model 3 is additionally adjusted for health-related factors (cognitive status, depressive symptoms, total number of diseases, and total number of medication).

Model 4 is further adjusted for lifestyle factors (physical activity, smoking, and food energy).

^aSarcopenia status was determined using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) definition as described previously [4].

^bData from two waves (2006/07 to 2009/10) were used for incidence sarcopenia. n indicated the number of participants with complete data (sarcopenia status (yes/no), DP and risk factors).