Table 3.

Association between DPs and odds of prevalent sarcopenia (at baseline and 3-year follow-up)^a and 3-year incident^b sarcopenia (OR, 95% CI) in low and good protein intake group.

Low protein intake group (<1 g/kg aBW/day)
Dietary patterns (n)	Model 1	p	Model 2	p	Model 3	p	Model 4	p
Sarcopenia (baseline)
n	376		360		356		354
DP1	1.19 (0.65–2.18)	0.57	1.18 (0.62–2.23)	0.62	1.13 (0.58–2.19)	0.72	1.00 (0.51–1.96)	0.99
DP2	1.64 (0.88–3.07)	0.12	1.49 (0.78–2.86)	0.23	1.47 (0.75–2.89)	0.26	1.20 (0.59–2.42)	0.62
DP3 (ref)	1		1		1		1
3-year prevalent sarcopenia
n	187		181		181		179
DP1	1.53 (0.80–2.91)	0.84	1.27 (0.48–3.42)	0.63	1.03 (0.36–2.93)	0.95	1.00 (0.34–2.90)	0.99
DP2	2.65 (1.40–5.03)	0.16	1.86 (0.70–4.96)	0.21	1.77 (0.64–4.89)	0.27	1.63 (0.56–4.81)	0.37
DP3 (ref)	1		1		1		1
3-year incident sarcopenia
n	150		145		145		144
DP1	0.93 (0.25–3.39)	0.91	1.12 (0.29–4.34)	0.87	0.88 (0.20–3.78)	0.86	0.91 (0.20–4.26)	0.91
DP2	1.25 (0.31–5.00)	0.75	1.29 (0.31–5.43)	0.73	1.39 (0.28–6.84)	0.69	1.39 (0.26–7.49)	0.70
DP3 (ref)	1		1		1		1
Good protein intake group (≥1 g/kg aBW/day)
Dietary patterns (n)	Model 1	p	Model 2	p	Model 3	p	Model 4	p
Sarcopenia (baseline)
n	324		310		302		301
DP1	1.32 (0.65–2.67)	0.45	1.59 (0.74–3.42)	0.24	1.87 (0.84–4.15)	0.23	1.84 (0.81–4.14)	0.14
DP2	1.75 (0.93–3.31)	0.08	1.80 (0.92–3.51)	0.08	1.93 (0.95–3.91)	0.07	2.14 (1.01–4.53)	0.047
DP3 (ref)	1		1		1		1
3-year prevalent sarcopenia
n	181		176		176		175
DP1	2.16 (0.89–5.27)	0.09	3.32 (1.26–8.74)	0.02	3.30 (1.17–9.29)	0.02	2.94 (0.98–8.87)	0.06
DP2	3.38 (1.40–8.16)	0.007	3.38 (1.36–8.40)	0.009	3.91 (1.48–10.29)	0.006	5.45 (1.81–16.36)	0.003
DP3 (ref)	1		1		1		1
3-year incident sarcopenia
n	149		144		144		143
DP1	1.17 (0.34–4.09)	0.81	1.69 (0.43–6.72)	0.45	1.32 (0.29–6.00)	0.72	0.74 (0.13–4.11)	0.73
DP2	2.71 (0.86–8.55)	0.09	2.52 (0.76–8.29)	0.13	2.45 (0.69–8.73)	0.17	3.44 (0.79–14.91)	0.10
DP3 (ref)	1		1		1		1

DP1 ‘Low Red Meat’; DP2 ‘Traditional British’; DP3 ‘Low Butter’.

OR, odds ratios; CI, confidence intervals; aBW, adjusted body weight; DPs, dietary patterns; ref, reference group.

Model 1 is unadjusted.

Model 2 is adjusted for socio-demographic factors (sex, social class, education).

Model 3 is additionally adjusted for health-related factors (cognitive status, depressive symptoms, total number of diseases, and total number of medication).

Model 4 is further adjusted for lifestyle factors (physical activity, smoking and food energy).

^aSarcopenia status was determined using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) definition as described previously [4].

^bData from two waves (2006/07 to 2009/10) were used for incidence sarcopenia. n indicated the number of participants with complete data (sarcopenia status (yes/no), DP and risk factors).