Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| AC | P-NAC | S-NAC | C-NAC | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients, n (%) | 746 (82.1) | 25 (2.8) | 90 (9.9) | 48 (5.3) | |
| Demographics | |||||
| age, years, mean (SD) | 70.46 (15.55) | 79.6 (10.94) | 77.4 (12.56) | 78.27(13.59) | < 0.001abc |
| sex, male, n (%) | 427 (57.2) | 14 (56.0) | 50 (55.6) | 16 (33.3) | 0.015cf |
| living circumstances prior to index stroke | < 0.001abcde | ||||
| independent at home, n (%) | 669 (90.0) | 5 (20.0) | 53 (60.2) | 29 (60.4) | |
| family care, n (%) | 51 (6.9) | 9 (36.0) | 19 (21.6) | 9 (18.8) | |
| institutional care, n (%) | 23 (3.1) | 11 (44.0) | 16 (18.2) | 10 (20.8) | |
| premorbid mRS score >/= 3, n (%) | 92 (12.4) | 20 (80.0) | 26 (29.5) | 18 (38.3) | < 0.001abcde |
| Vascular risk factors | |||||
| atrial fibrillation | 168 (22.5) | 16 (64.0) | 50 (55.6) | 24 (50.0) | < 0.001abc |
| hypertension, n (%) | 612 (82.0) | 21 (84.0) | 83 (92.2) | 44 (91.7) | 0.03b |
| diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 205 (27.5) | 11 (44.0) | 26 (28.9) | 11 (22.9) | n.s. |
| dyslipidemia, n (%) | 285 (38.2) | 9 (36.0) | 29 (32.2) | 15 (31.3) | n.s. |
| coronary heart disease, n (%) | 166 (22.3) | 9 (36.0) | 34 (37.8) | 11 (22.9) | 0.006b |
| prior myocardial infarction, n (%) | 87 (11.7) | 1 (4.0) | 17 (18.9) | 7 (14.6) | n.s. |
| prior stroke, n (%) | 175 (23.5) | 11 (44.0) | 27 (30.0) | 18 (37.5) | 0.013ac |
| current or past smoker, n (%) | 197 (26.4) | 4 (16.0) | 10 (11.1) | 3 (6.3) | < 0.001bc |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Dementia, n (%) | 58 (7.8) | 21 (84.0) | 20 (22.2) | 7 (14.6) | < 0.001abde |
| Depression, n (%) | 63 (8.4) | 6 (24.0) | 9 (10.0) | 6 (12.5) | n.s. |
| Cancer, n (%) | 33 (4.4) | 1 (4.0) | 9 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.049bf |
| Index stroke | |||||
| Ischemia, n (%) | 621 (83.2) | 23 (92.0) | 77 (85.6) | 38 (79.2) | |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage, n (%) | 50 (6.7) | 1 (4.0) | 13 (14.4) | 10 (20.8) | |
| TIA, n (%) | 75 (10.1) | 1 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| NIHSS at admission, median (IQR) | 3 (5) | 10 (12) | 17.5 (12) | 23 (8) | < 0.001abcef |
| severe aphasia, n (%) | 67 (9.0) | 10 (40.0) | 67 (74.4) | 28 (59.6) | < 0.001abcd |
| severe dysarthria, n (%) | 51 (6.8) | 9 (36.0) | 39 (43.3) | 24 (50.0) | < 0.001abc |
| GCS < 12 at admission, n (%) | 2 (0.3) | 1 (4.0) | 7 (7.8) | 18 (37.5) | < 0.001bcef |
| Length of hospital stay, days, mean (SD) | 11.2 (6.6) | 10.6 (6.9) | 13.3 (8.3) | 9.2 (7.7) | < 0.001bcf |
| In-hospital death, n (%) | 1 (0.1) | 5 (20.0) | 10 (11.1) | 37 (77.1) | < 0.001abcdef |
a, significant group difference AC vs P-NAC
b, significant group difference AC vs S-NAC
c, significant group difference AC vs C-NAC
d, significant group difference P-NAC vs S-NAC
e, significant group difference P-NAC vs C-NAC
f, significant group difference S-NAC vs C-NAC