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. 2020 Jan 14;18:23. doi: 10.1186/s12967-019-02206-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Illustration of the CAR architectures and functionality of CAR in vitro. A Cartoon illustration of each CAR used in the study: PSMA-CAR (a), IL23mAb-T2A-PSMA-CAR (b), IL23mAb-PSMA-CAR (c), and PSMA-CAR (soluble IL23mAb) (d). B Gene structure of CARs used in study: PSMA-CAR (a), IL23mAb-T2A-PSMA-CAR (b), IL23mAb-PSMA-CAR (c), and PSMA-CAR (soluble IL23mAb) (d). CD8 ectodomain (CD8EC), CD8 transmembrane domain (TM), 4-1BB costimulatory domain, and CD3ζ T cell signaling chain (CD3zeta). C Lentiviral transduction allows for efficient expression of different CARs in primary human T cells. In the upper lane, un-transduced cells (CAR negative cells) were labelled in red. Secondary antibody control was labelled in blue. Isotype control was in yellow and transduced cells were in green. In the under lane, un-transduced cells were labelled in red. Secondary antibody control was labelled in blue, and transduced cells were in yellow. D Specificity of lysis by different CAR T cells in PSMA + PC3 cells. E Antigen-specific proliferation of CAR T cells upon co-culture with PSMA + PC3 cells. F Cytokine analysis of different T cell supernatants. The error bars represent ± SD

Fig. 1 — Illustration of the CAR architectures and functionality of CAR in vitro. A Cartoon illustration of each CAR used in the study: PSMA-CAR (a), IL23mAb-T2A-PSMA-CAR (b), IL23mAb-PSMA-CAR (c), and PSMA-CAR (soluble IL23mAb) (d). B Gene structure of CARs used in study: PSMA-CAR (a), IL23mAb-T2A-PSMA-CAR (b), IL23mAb-PSMA-CAR (c), and PSMA-CAR (soluble IL23mAb) (d). CD8 ectodomain (CD8EC), CD8 transmembrane domain (TM), 4-1BB costimulatory domain, and CD3ζ T cell signaling chain (CD3zeta). C Lentiviral transduction allows for efficient expression of different CARs in primary human T cells. In the upper lane, un-transduced cells (CAR negative cells) were labelled in red. Secondary antibody control was labelled in blue. Isotype control was in yellow and transduced cells were in green. In the under lane, un-transduced cells were labelled in red. Secondary antibody control was labelled in blue, and transduced cells were in yellow. D Specificity of lysis by different CAR T cells in PSMA + PC3 cells. E Antigen-specific proliferation of CAR T cells upon co-culture with PSMA + PC3 cells. F Cytokine analysis of different T cell supernatants. The error bars represent ± SD