Table 1.

Characteristics of the patients

	OLIF alone (n = 32)	OLIF+PPSF (n = 41)	P
Gender
Male	10 (31.3%)	11 (26.8%)	0.679
Female	22 (68.7%)	30 (73.2%)
Age (years)	59.8 ± 13.7	61.0 ± 9.3	0.669
Level
L4–5	30 (93.8%)	37 (90.2%)	0.584
L5-S1	2 (6.2%)	4 (9.8%)
Osteoporosis	8 (25.0%)	15 (36.6%)	0.290
Operative time (min)	98 ± 14	182 ± 32	< 0.001
Blood loss (mL)	108 ± 49	140 ± 36	0.002

OLIF Oblique lateral interbody fusion, PPSF Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation