Fig. 4.

In a the interactive effects of sediment type and climate regime on mean (±SE, n = 5) species richness for macrofaunal communities retrieved immediately in the field (light grey) or after a 6-month incubation under an ambient (black; 11 °C, 380 ppm [CO₂]) or future (dark grey; 15 °C, 1000 ppm [CO₂]) climate regime. In b visualisations represent non-metric two-dimensional multi-dimensional scaling (nMDS) ordinations based on square root transformed zero-adjusted Bray–Curtis dissimilarity matrices of macrofaunal abundance. MDS dimensionality representation stress value = 0.194. Sediment types in b are: M/circle mud, sM/square sandy mud, mS/diamond muddy sand, S/triangle sand)