Table 4.
The means and standard deviations for insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA), leptin and ghrelin, and the results of the linear mixed effect models, of 10 dogs fed daily (BID), and intermittently fasted on a low fat (IF LF) and a high fat diet (LF HF) in a Latin Square design.
| Outcome | Diet | Mean | Standard deviation | Fixed effect | Estimate | Standard error | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insulin | BID | 198 | 78 | (Intercept) | 449 | 123 | |
| (pg/mL) | IF LF | 200 | 101 | Diet IF HF | −31.5 | 13.2 | 0.02 |
| IF HF | 169 | 87 | BCS | −44.1 | 19.6 | 0.03 | |
| Homeostatic | BID | 1.46 | 0.63 | (Intercept) | 3.22 | 0.99 | |
| Model Assessment | IF LF | 1.45 | 0.76 | Diet IF HF | −0.26 | 0.011 | 0.01 |
| (HOMA) | IF HF | 1.23 | 0.66 | BCS | −0.32 | 0.15 | 0.04 |
| Leptin | BID | 2,451 | 2,217 | (Intercept) | 3,247 | 2,887 | |
| (pg/mL) | IF LF | 1,794 | 1,683 | Day | −111 | 32 | <0.001 |
| IF HF | 1,729 | 1,433 | Diet IF LF | −637 | 179 | <0.001 | |
| Diet IF HF | −743 | 179 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Ghrelin | BID | 85 | 78 | (Intercept) | 8.3 | 115 | |
| (pg/mL) | IF LF | 88 | 73 | Day | 6.6 | 1.4 | <0.0001 |
| IF HF | 67 | 60 | Diet IF HF | −17.6 | 7.9 | 0.03 |
Only independent variables with a P ≤ 0.1 are shown.