. 2017 Aug 1;135(1):1–34. doi: 10.1007/s10533-017-0366-1

Table 5.

Biogeochemical Parameters

Site	Bulk properties^a
Benthic A	1.12 ± 0.13 (0.98–1.34)	0.13 ± 0.02 (0.10–0.17)	0.875 ± 0.54 (0.3–1.6)	−6.60 ± 3.82 (n = 30) (−13.46 to 9.80)	1.43 ± 0.60 (0.68–2.1)	6.28 ± 0.98 (3.69–7.30)	1.85 ± 0.79 (0.92–3.20)
Benthic I	0.58 ± 0.15 (0.39–0.84)	0.09 ± 0.03 (0.04–0.14)	0.725 ± 0.60 (0.20–1.50)	−7.70 ± 3.97 (n = 24) (−19.13 to 3.17)	0.47 ± 0.17 (0.22–0.6)	5.23 ± 1.54 (3.32–8.01)	1.83 ± 0.53 (1.20–3.30)
Benthic H	0.42 ± 0.12 (0.31–0.65)	0.07 ± 0.02 (0.04–0.11)	0.875 ± 0.49 (0.3–1.5)	−7.97 ± 2.64 (n = 30) (−13.62 to 2.39)	0.42 ± 0.18 (0.3–0.64)	4.55 ± 1.27 (3.05–7.47)	1.82 ± 0.35 (1.25–2.46)
Benthic G	0.22 ± 0.18 (0.11–0.49)	0.06 ± 0.04 (0.02–0.12)	2.08 ± 2.00 (0.5–5)	−4.16 ± 2.82 (n = 28) (−11.02 to 0.66)	0.33 ± 0.26 (0.08–0.62)	n/a	1.50 ± 0.89 (0.61–4.50)

Site

Bulk properties^a

Organic carbon (%)^d

Organic nitrogen (%)^d

Oxygen penetration depth (cm)^e

Total oxygen consumption (mmol⁻² d⁻¹)^f

Chlorophyll (µg g⁻¹)^g

Zone of mixing (cm)^h

Surface roughness (cm)^h

Benthic A

1.12 ± 0.13

(0.98–1.34)

0.13 ± 0.02

(0.10–0.17)

0.875 ± 0.54

(0.3–1.6)

−6.60 ± 3.82

(n = 30)

(−13.46 to 9.80)

1.43 ± 0.60

(0.68–2.1)

6.28 ± 0.98

(3.69–7.30)

1.85 ± 0.79

(0.92–3.20)

Benthic I

0.58 ± 0.15

(0.39–0.84)

0.09 ± 0.03

(0.04–0.14)

0.725 ± 0.60

(0.20–1.50)

−7.70 ± 3.97

(n = 24)

(−19.13 to 3.17)

0.47 ± 0.17

(0.22–0.6)

5.23 ± 1.54

(3.32–8.01)

1.83 ± 0.53

(1.20–3.30)

Benthic H

0.42 ± 0.12

(0.31–0.65)

0.07 ± 0.02

(0.04–0.11)

0.875 ± 0.49

(0.3–1.5)

−7.97 ± 2.64

(n = 30)

(−13.62 to 2.39)

0.42 ± 0.18

(0.3–0.64)

4.55 ± 1.27

(3.05–7.47)

1.82 ± 0.35

(1.25–2.46)

Benthic G

0.22 ± 0.18

(0.11–0.49)

0.06 ± 0.04

(0.02–0.12)

2.08 ± 2.00

(0.5–5)

−4.16 ± 2.82

(n = 28)

(−11.02 to 0.66)

0.33 ± 0.26

(0.08–0.62)

n/a

1.50 ± 0.89

(0.61–4.50)

Site	Porewater concentrations (µM)^b
Site	Nitrite (NO₂ ⁻)	TOxN (NO₂ ⁻ + NO₃ ⁻)	Ammonium (NH₄ ⁺)	Silicate (SIO₄ ⁻)	Phosphate (PO₄ ³⁻)	Iron (Fe)ⁱ	Iron (Fe(II))ⁱ
Benthic A	0.46 ± 0.37 (0.07–8.27)	4.45 ± 3.60 (0.33–12.8)	38.3 ± 30.1 (0.29–144)	134 ± 83.8 (5.72–339)	7.61 ± 5.94 (0.93–28.4)	4 ± 6 (0.1–10)	3 ± 5 (0.08–9)
Benthic I	0.58 ± 0.75 (0.10–3.14)	4.26 ± 2.97 (0.20–17.9)	38.3 ± 30.9 (0.23–145)	146 ± 88.5 (3.14–358)	7.55 ± 5.98 (0.25–29.0)	7 ± 7 (3–15)	12 ± 15 (3–29)
Benthic H	0.78 ± 1.52 (0.09–1.74)	4.63 ± 4.00 (0.08–9.2)	38.6 ± 27.8 (0.29–107)	145 ± 82.0 (5.39–347)	7.68 ± 5.70 (0.86–25.7)	0.5 ± 0.7 (0.11–1.3)	0.5 ± 0.7 (0.1–1.3)
Benthic G	0.74 ± 1.19 (0.09–2.87)	4.47 ± 3.56 (0.19–16.6)	40.3 ± 30.3 (0.55–114)	153 ± 88.1 (5.93–368)	7.47 ± 5.55 (1.08–21.2)	n/a	n/a

Site	Diffusive fluxes (mmol.m⁻².d⁻¹)^c
Site	Nitrite (NO₂ ⁻)	TOxN (NO₂ ⁻ + NO₃ ⁻)	Ammonium (NH₄ ⁺)	Silicate (SIO₄ ⁻)	Phosphate (PO₄ ³⁻)	Iron (Fe(II))^j ×10⁻³
Benthic A	0.013 ± 0.031 (−0.017 to 0.098)	0.019 ± 0.174 (−0.212 to 0.499)	0.021 ± 0.156 (−0.286 to 0.483)	1.212 ± 0.679 (0.206 to 3.741)	−0.018 ± 0.024 (−0.063 to 0.028)	14.4 ± 19.7 (−0.01 to 54.4)
Benthic I	0.012 ± 0.021 (−0.007 to 0.064)	0.125 ± 0.267 (−0.286 to 0.644)	−0.003 ± 0.145 (−0.077 to 0.380)	0.646 ± 0.430 (−0.049 to 1.550)	0.001 ± 0.029 (−0.080 to 0.054)	8.30 ± 10.3 (0.23 to 32.8)
Benthic H	0.011 ± 0.038 (−0.035 to 0.132)	0.082 ± 0.286 (−0.586 to 0.649)	0.049 ± 0.191 (−0.215 to 0.699)	0.702 ± 0.612 (−0.287 to 2.016)	0.004 ± 0.028 (−0.073 to 0.086)	2.7 ± 5.47 (0.06 to 16.8)
Benthic G	0.024 ± 0.030 (−0.008 to 0.105)	0.059 ± 0.133 (−0.131 to 0.599)	0.044 ± 0.023 (−0.257 to 0.319)	0.531 ± 0.474 (−0.007 to 2.255)	0.009 ± 0.035 (−0.085 to 0.070)	n/a

Values are means of all samples collected at the sites, ± standard deviations (min–max ranges in brackets) and represent: ^a samples 0-5 cm in depth; ^b samples collected seasonally at the sites from triplicate porewater profiles (n = 9) representing 0–10 cm depth; ^cfluxes calculated at each site (n = 5–11) ± SD (min–max ranges in brackets). ^d Kirsten (1979), ^eMeasured immediately from 20 cm diameter cores, sub-sampled from NIOZ box cores, Cai and Sayles (1996); ^f Glud (2008), Hicks et al. (2017), Smith et al. (in prep); ^g Measured using spectrophotometry (for DY008, HMSO (1980)) or fluorescence (Tett 1987); ^h Derived from SPI, Solan et al. (2004); ⁱ Iron values are for surface (0–2 cm) only: not measured at Benthic G; ^j Homoky et al. (2012)