Figure 2.

Heatmaps Showing Expression Levels of Genes with Known and Putative Functions in Acylsugar Metabolism. Genes are designated by their gene identifier numbers (Sopen IDs).

(A) Acylsugar phase-1–related genes (Table 1). Expression levels of many candidate genes in LA1302 (“MEDIUM” accession) were intermediate between low- and high-acylsugar–producing accessions.

(B) Acylsugar phase-2–related genes (Table 2). Sopen04g001210 (marked with an asterisk) was identified as a carboxylesterase gene related to ASH (Schilmiller et al., 2016). Sopen03g040490 (marked with a double-asterisk) has been recently reported as a trichome-expressed invertase gene that is capable of producing acylglucose from acylsucrose (Leong et al., 2019). AG, acylglucose phase 2 (previous model).

(C) Other genes related to acylsugar metabolism (Table 3). Two genes (Sopen04g023150 and Sopen01g047950) were removed from the heatmap due to their very high expression levels. Sopen04g023150 had FPKM values of 570, 624, 455, 179, and 254 in “LOW,” LA1920, LA1302, LA0716, and “HIGH” groups, respectively. Sopen01g047950 had FPKM values of 61, 203, 79, 29, and 19 in “LOW,” LA1920, LA1302, LA0716, and “HIGH” groups, respectively. AAE1, acyl-activating enzyme 1; ABC, ABC transporters; AG, acylglucose phase 2 (previous model); ASAT, acylsucrose acyltransferase; ASH, acylsugar hydrolase; BCAA, branched-chain amino acid; CCM, central carbon metabolism; FAS, fatty acid synthase components; FPKM, fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads.