. 2020 Jan;55(1):71–79. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-75-18

Table.

Descriptive Analysis and Pairwise Comparisons (N = 13)

Main Outcome Measure	Condition	Time	Mean ± SD	Condition − Condition = Mean Difference (95% Confidence Interval)
Performance index, points
	Exercise in heat	Preintervention	8.24 ± 1.66	Preintervention − postintervention = −1.86 (−2.78, −0.96)^a
		Postintervention	10.10 ± 2.00	Preintervention − postrecovery = 0.38 (−0.31, 1.06)
		Postrecovery	7.86 ± 1.64	Postintervention − postrecovery = 2.24 (1.51, 2.96)^a
	Exercise in ambient temperature	Preintervention	8.74 ± 2.74	Preintervention − postintervention = −0.15 (−0.66, 0.43)
	Exercise in ambient temperature	Postintervention	8.89 ± 2.95	Preintervention − postrecovery = 0.42 (−0.17, 1.00)
		Postrecovery	8.32 ± 2.54	Postintervention − postrecovery = 0.57 (0.13, 0.94)^a
	Standing in heat	Preintervention	8.32 ± 1.43	Preintervention − postintervention = −0.13 (−0.64, 0.38)
		Postintervention	8.45 ± 1.65	Preintervention − postrecovery = 0.57 (0.06, 1.07)^a
		Postrecovery	7.75 ± 1.63	Postintervention − postrecovery = 0.70 (0.41, 0.98)^a
Rectal temperature, °C
	Exercise in heat	Preintervention	37.52 ± 0.20	Preintervention − postintervention = −1.75 (−2.19, −1.32)^a
		Postintervention	39.27 ± 0.65	Preintervention − postrecovery = −0.87 (−1.21, −0.54)^a
		Postrecovery	38.39 ± 0.53	Postintervention − postrecovery = 0.88 (0.54, 1.21)^a
	Exercise in ambient temperature	Preintervention	37.44 ± 0.43	Preintervention − postintervention = −0.91 (−1.18, −0.64)^a
	Exercise in ambient temperature	Postintervention	38.35 ± 0.50	Preintervention − postrecovery = −0.16 (−0.60, 0.27)
		Postrecovery	37.60 ± 0.79	Postintervention − postrecovery = 0.75 (0.48, 1.01)^a
	Standing in heat	Preintervention	37.58 ± 0.25	Preintervention − postintervention = −0.52 (−0.70, −0.34)^a
		Postintervention	38.10 ± 0.35	Preintervention − postrecovery = −0.02 (−0.48, −0.34)
		Postrecovery	37.60 ± 0.77	Postintervention − postrecovery = 0.50 (0.14, 0.86)^a
Rating of perceived exertion, points
	Exercise in heat	Preintervention	7.62 ± 1.33	Preintervention − postintervention = −9.76 (−11.94, −7.60)^a
		Postintervention	17.38 ± 3.29	Preintervention − postrecovery = −1.46 (−2.43, −0.49)^a
		Postrecovery	9.08 ± 1.66	Postintervention − postrecovery = 8.30 (6.51, 10.11)^a
	Exercise in ambient temperature	Preintervention	8.54 ± 2.03	Preintervention − postintervention = −1.92 (−2.23, −1.02)^a
	Exercise in ambient temperature	Postintervention	10.46 ± 2.26	Preintervention − postrecovery = 0.23 (−0.73, 1.91)
		Postrecovery	8.31 ± 1.70	Postintervention − postrecovery = 2.15 (1.38, 2.92)^a
	Standing in heat	Preintervention	8.46 ± 1.85	Preintervention − postintervention = −2.77 (−4.78, −0.76)^a
		Postintervention	11.23 ± 4.42	Preintervention − postrecovery = 0.46 (−0.45, 1.37)
		Postrecovery	8.00 ± 1.68	Postintervention − postrecovery = 3.23 (1.42, 5.05)^a

Difference (P ≤ .05).