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. 2019 Nov 10;7(1):1654814. doi: 10.1080/23723556.2019.1654814

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Figure 1. — Antioxidant pathways facilitating RAS-driven oncogenesis. Downstream signaling or metabolic pathways that support oncogenic rat sarcoma (RAS) transformation by activating antioxidant programs to mitigate the deleterious effects of oxidative stress (TCA cycle: tricarboxylic acid cycle; GSH: reduced glutathione; NADPH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; RAF: rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma; MEK: mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; JUN: jun-nana; MYC: myelocytomatosis proto-oncogene; NRF2: NFE2L2/nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2; ETS1: E26 transformation-specific 1; ATF4: activating transcription factor 4; XCT: System xc, cysteine/glutamate transporter).