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. 2019 Dec 13;32:122–135. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.019

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Itaconate improved hemodynamics and brain function after reperfusion injury. A) Cerebral arteriolar diameter 2 h after reperfusion in cranial window model. B) Cerebral arteriolar blood flow 2 h after reperfusion in cranial window model. C) Itaconate increased cerebral oxygen tension 2 h after reperfusion. D) Brain edema 24 h after reperfusion is shown as % water content in brain considering brain weights (mg) (mean ± s.e.m.) of the sham (458.6 mg ± 5.6 mg), itaconate (475.0 mg ± 6.3 mg), and vehicle (503.6 ± 8.1 mg) groups. E) Leukocyte adhesion as a parameter for inflammation significantly decreased in itaconate-infused group 2 h after reperfusion compared to control groups. F) Infusion of itaconate improved neurological scores upon reperfusion. Data are represented as box (25th to 75th percentile with median line) and whiskers (min. to max. values) (A, B, C, and D) or means ± s.e.m. (E and F). Experiments were performed with n = number of male mice aged 9 weeks. A, B, n = 6 mice with 14–16 analyzed blood vessels; C, D, F: n = 5; E, n = 4). One-way ANOVA (A–D) or two-way ANOVA (E and F), with *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001.