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. 2019 Dec 28;11(1):39–48. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1706305

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© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 2. — Metformin promotes innate immunity through the p38 MAPK pathway.

(a–i) PMK-1/p38 MAPK is involved in metformin-mediated innate immunity. Metformin (50 mM) enhanced resistance to P. aeruginosa PA14 in WT (N2) (a), daf-2(e1370) (c), mpk-1(n2521) (d), egl-30(n686) (e), dkf-2(ok1704)(f), fshr-1(ok778)mutants (g), but not in pmk-1(km25) mutants (b). *P< 0.05 versus worms + metformin (log-rank test). (h and i) Mutations in the components of the p38 MAPK pathway suppressed metformin-mediated resistance of worms to PA14. (h) nsy-1(ag3); (i) sek-1(ag1).