Figure 5.

Schematic of different nanostructures as oriented onto solid substrates as lipid composition and environmental conditions change. This highlights the potential of using lipid film transformations for actuated surface-based cellular delivery. The diffusion of biomolecules is enhanced from 1D in lamellar phases to 3D in bicontinuous cubic phases by substrate hydration at 37 °C. The phase transitions are reversible demonstrating the equilibrium nature of these systems. Reprinted by permission of the publisher (John Wiley and Sons) [13].