Table 1. Characteristics of the included trials.
| Study | Year | Region | Study design | Mean age (y) | Sex | Intervention | Control | Duration | Follow-up | Dropo ut |
Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sun et al[17] | 2017 | Shanghai | CCT | 42.8±13.2 | M:28 F:10 | LAM (100 mg/day orally)+ACEI/ARB (n = 20) |
ACEI/ARB alone (n = 18) | 12 mo | 12 mo | 0 | ①② |
| Bhimma et al[18] | 2002 | Durban, South Africa | CCT | 8.9 | M:34 F:5 | IFN-α2b (10 million units/m2 3 times/week)(n = 19) | control of edema and hypertension (n = 20) | 16 weeks | 40 weeks | 5 | ①②③ |
| Tang et al[19] | 2005 | Hong Kong, China | CCT | 45.5±19.0 | M:14 F:8 | LAM 100mg/d+ACEI or ARB (n = 10) | ACEI/ARB (n = 12) | NA | 49.2±16.5 mo | 0 | ①③ |
| Panomsak et al[20] | 2006 | Thailand | CCT | 40.9 | M:10 F:7 | 1 month of prednisone, then 6 had LAM and 1 had IFN-α (n = 7) | ACEI, fish oil, or neither (n = 10) | NA | 5–120 mo | 3 | ① |
| Sun et al[21] | 2012 | Seoul, Korea | CCT | 37 | M:9 F:1 | Antiviral drugs (n = 6) | ACEI or ARB (n = 4) | NA | mean 87 mo (8–187) | 1 | ① |
| Lai et al[22] | 1991 | Hong Kong, China | CCT | 30 | M:14 F:2 | IFN-α2b (3 million units, 3 times/week, subcutaneous injection)(n = 5) | diuretic agents/dipyridamole /no treatment (n = 11) | 12 weeks | 55.1 mo | 0 | ①②③ |
| Lin et al[23] | 1995 | Taiwan, China | RCT | 6.5±3.3 | M:29 F:11 | IFN-α2b (5μ if body weight<20 kg, 8μ if body weight>20 kg, 3 times/week subcutaneous injection) | control of edema and hypertension |
12 mo | 24 mo | 0 | ③ |
Abbreviations: RCT, randomized controlled trial; CCT, cohort clinical trial; M, male; F, female; LAM, lamivudine; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; NA, not available; mo, months; ①Renal remission; ②eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate); ③HBeAg clearance.