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. 2020 Jan 9;10:2945. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02945

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Copyright © 2020 Gan, Zhang, Gu, Ju, Wu, Wang, Peng, Qiu, Zhou, Cheng and Lu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Acidic microenvironment downregulates the iTreg proliferation and Foxp3 expression and promotes apoptosis of iTregs. (A) Cell density of the pH 6.5 and pH 7.5 groups by time point. (B) Changes in extracellular pH during cell culture. (C) Expression of pro-apoptotic genes (Bax and Bad) and anti-apoptosis genes (Bcl-2 and Mcl-1) measured by qRT-PCR at the transcriptional level after 3 days of culture. (D) mRNA expression of Foxp3 in iTregs measured by qRT-PCR at the indicated pH values after 3 days of culture. (E) Cell apoptosis after Annexin V/PI staining at the indicated pH values. (F) Statistical analysis of cell apoptosis by pH group. Data are presented as the means ± SD from three independent experiments. NS, not significant. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.