Figure 3.

Influenza-virus-specific T-cell responses in vivo. Mice were immunized subcutaneously with split vaccine (SV) alone, SV plus CpG ODN, or SV plus either LNP-CpG. After the last immunization, splenocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of SV in vitro. After 1 (for IL-2) or 5 (for IL-13 and IFN-γ) days, the levels of IL-2 (A), IL-13 (B), and IFN-γ (C) were measured by using ELISA. (A–C) n = 5 per group. Data are means ± SD. ^†P < 0.05, ^††P < 0.01, ^††††P < 0.0001 vs. group immunized with SV alone; **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 as indicated by Tukey's test.