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. 2020 Jan 15;10:305. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-57246-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of individual remodelling targets under sinus node dysfunction (SND) on action potential (AP) and the heart rate. (A) Action potential, (B) MDP, (C) DDR₁₀₀, (D) OS, (E) (dV/dt)_max, (F) Cai_max, (G) Cai_max and (H) heart rate between normal (black) and remodelled sinoatrial node cells. Six remodelled cellular components (funny current, I_f; slow delayed rectifier potassium current, I_Ks; L-type calcium current, I_CaL; T-type calcium current, I_CaT, calcium flux through ryanodine receptor (J_rel) and SERCA (J_up)), are shown, respectively.