Table 2.
Examples of how we label sentences based on their sense unit
| Questions (original DDS domains) | Sense unit in English (participants) | Coding | Categories |
|---|---|---|---|
| Feeling that diabetes is taking up too much of my mental and physical energy every day (regimen distress) | No problem. That is one of the consequences of living with diabetes. 3 J (number of calories, schedule and type of food) foods must be consumed. Must be punctual with mealtimes |
-Consequence of daily routine -Self-management -Effectiveness of 3 J programme -Promotion easy to remember and practice |
Emotional burden Disease burden Healthcare support |
| Feeling angry, scared or depressed when I think about living with diabetes (emotional burden) |
I must enjoy this condition. If I think about this more, I will be distressed. So just enjoy (M, f, 50, 10) ‘I still feel grateful to God for giving me this disease.’ (M, female, aged 56) |
- Stress management -Spirituality -Acceptance |
Acceptance Spirituality |
| Feeling that diabetes controls my life (emotional burden) |
No problem, It is not a problem for people with diabetes to eat rice cooked yesterday. It is also not a problem to eat freshly-cooked rice. I ate that yesterday, and I am okay (S, f, 54, 10) |
-Knowledge of food management -Belief in community rumours -Inadequate knowledge |
Diet Lack of knowledge |
| Feeling that my doctor does not know enough about diabetes and diabetes care (physician distress) |
The doctor does not explain how the medicine should be taken. Perhaps it is dangerous I am confused! (S, m, 55, 5) |
-Impact of physicians’ explanations -Misunderstanding -Unclear information |
Distress concerning healthcare service |
| Feeling that I do not have a doctor whom I can regularly see about my diabetes (physician distress) |
Hmm, there are so many patients for the doctor to check I went to a private doctor, and it was good. I had to pay 100,000 rupiahs, but I could ask as many questions as I needed |
-Difficulty_health facilities -Action_pay more -Action_choose private physician -Desire_detail diagnose -Desire_consultation time -Expectation_comfortable -Desire_curious about disease -Desire_dare to take a decision -Desire_second opinion from another physician |
Distress concerning healthcare service Financial concerns |
| Feeling that I am not testing my blood sugar frequently enough (regimen distress) |
I wish I could have that once a week, but it is forbidden (E, f, 45, 5) |
-Consequences -Fear_uncontrolled blood sugar |
Diet Disease burden |
| Feeling that I am often failing in my diabetes regimen (regimen distress) |
‘I really want to eat mas. I am afraid of eating kikil, but I eat ice cream, he….he…’ (K, female, aged 56, 2) |
-Desire_food management (which one better) -Diet |
Diet Lack of knowledge |
| Feeling that friends or family do not give me the emotional support I would like (interpersonal distress) |
My mother has ten siblings, and all of them suffer from diabetes, so I know a lot about the disease I am so upset at being ignored. Sometimes I need to get insulin while I am working; then, I go myself Sometimes it makes me angry. I go by myself; I can do it (M, f, 60, 5) |
-Consequence of disease_genetic -Knowledge_insulin is the best -Believing rumours about insulin better than OAD -Knowledge_OAD due to kidney diseases |
Interpersonal distress (family) Vigilance |