Table 2.
Parent-reported mean scores of Infant–Toddler quality of life and Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form 50
| Subscale | Infant–Toddler Quality of Life (ITQOL; 0–3 years) | Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form (CHQ-PF50; 4–18 years) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Patients | Norm | p-value patients versus norm | Effect size Cohen’s d | n | Patients | Norm | p-value patients versus norm | Effect size Cohen’s d | |
| Physical functioning | 354 | 84.8 (22.6) | 97.2 (9.8) | < 0.01 | 0.71 | 181 | 73.9 (32.5) | 99.1 (4.3) | < 0.01 | 1.08 |
| Growth and development | 390 | 79.5 (15.7) | 86.5 (10.6) | < 0.01 | 0.52 | |||||
| Bodily pain | 389 | 72.8 (22.6) | 83.8 (16.8) | < 0.01 | 0.55 | 183 | 71.5 (25.4) | 85.7 (17.2) | < 0.01 | 0.65 |
| Temperament and moods | 386 | 74.8 (12.8) | 77.2 (10.5) | < 0.01 | 0.20 | |||||
| General behaviora | 159 | 74.6 (15.1) | 72.8 (12.7) | 0.13 | 0.12 | 181 | 75.2 (15.1) | 78.5 (13.1) | < 0.01 | 0.23 |
| Getting alonga | 158 | 71.5 (10.2) | 71.4 (8.8) | 0.94 | 0.01 | |||||
| General health perceptions | 386 | 51.3 (20.4) | 79.0 (14.5) | < 0.01 | 1.56 | 183 | 51.3 (24.6) | 82.9 (13.4) | < 0.01 | 1.59 |
| Parental impact: emotional | 387 | 80.9 (19.9) | 92.1 (10.5) | < 0.01 | 0.70 | 184 | 62.5 (30.6) | 86.3 (15.2) | < 0.01 | 0.98 |
| Parental impact: time | 386 | 80.8 (21.0) | 93.0 (11.0) | < 0.01 | 0.72 | 184 | 73.6 (31.2) | 94.0 (13.0) | < 0.01 | 0.85 |
| Family activities | 385 | 71.2 (24.6) | 86.2 (13.5) | < 0.01 | 0.75 | 183 | 72.5 (25.9) | 91.5 (11.9) | < 0.01 | 0.94 |
| Family cohesion | 385 | 79.1 (17.9) | 75.3 (18.8) | < 0.01 | 0.20 | 183 | 72.4 (21.6) | 72.2 (19.4) | 0.90 | 0.01 |
| Change in healtha | 119 | 70.0 (30.5) | 56.1 (18.4) | < 0.01 | 0.55 | |||||
| Role functioning emotional/behavioral | 179 | 79.0 (33.8) | 97.9 (7.2) | < 0.01 | 0.77 | |||||
| Role functioning physical | 175 | 71.0 (37.3) | 95.8 (15.6) | < 0.01 | 0.86 | |||||
| Mental health | 181 | 73.0 (14.3) | 81.4 (12.1) | < 0.01 | 0.63 | |||||
| Self-esteem | 175 | 73.2 (17.7) | 79.2 (11.0) | < 0.01 | 0.40 | |||||
Data are presented as means (standard deviation). A higher score represents a better HRQoL (0 is worst possible health state, 100 is best possible health state). p-values were considered statistically significant with two-tailed p-values of less than 0.05 in which case they are expressed in bold. Cohen’s d effect sizes of < 0.5 were considered small, < 0.8 medium and > 0.8 large
aScales are only applicable to children aged 1 year or older. For a description of the subscales see Online Resource 1. “Change in health” was assessed in the CHQ-PF 50 as well, but no Dutch normative data are available which explains why this scale was not analyzed. Some parents did not complete all questions of a scale which resulted in differences between sample sizes on the subscales