Table 3.
Immediate effects of moderate and intense exercise (0–15 min) on inflammatory markers.
| Inflammatory marker | Moderate exercise | References | Intense exercise | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WBC | ↔ | Draganidis et al., 2013; Marklund et al., 2013 | ↑] 1.44; 3.5 [x d = 9.28 ± 6.15§ |
Bonsignore et al., 2001; Connolly et al., 2004; Degerstrøm and Østerud, 2006; Spiropoulos et al., 2010; Nieman et al., 2012; Gonzalo-Calvo et al., 2015; Stelzer et al., 2015 |
| ↔ | Bernecker et al., 2011; Abbasi et al., 2013; Draganidis et al., 2013 |
|||
| Lymphocytes | ↑1.41 × d = 1.98 |
Wadley et al., 2015 | ↑] 1.30; 2.69 [x d = 6.52 ± 4.26 |
Connolly et al., 2004; Degerstrøm and Østerud, 2006; Nieman et al., 2012; Gonzalo-Calvo et al., 2015; Stelzer et al., 2015; Wadley et al., 2015 |
| ↓4.21 x d = 3.89 |
Bonsignore et al., 2001 | |||
| ↔ | Abbasi et al., 2013 | |||
| NK cells | ↑5.5 x d = 8.20 |
Brenner et al., 1999 | ↑8.83 x d = 10.12 |
Brenner et al., 1999 |
| NK cells cytolytic activity | ↑2.92 x d = 10.48 |
Brenner et al., 1999 | ↑4.63 x d = 13.86 |
Brenner et al., 1999 |
| IL-6 | ↑] 1.33; 4.20 [x d = 3.91 ± 3.87 |
Brenner et al., 1999; Wadley et al., 2015 | ↑] 1.59; 26.79 [x d = 4.04 ± 2.34§ |
Ostrowski et al., 1999; Connolly et al., 2004; Spiropoulos et al., 2010*; Nieman et al., 2012;Gonzalo-Calvo et al., 2015; Stelzer et al., 2015; Ulven et al., 2015; Wadley et al., 2015 |
| ↔ | Marklund et al., 2013; Azizbeigi et al., 2015 | ↔ | Brenner et al., 1999; Degerstrøm and Østerud, 2006; Bernecker et al., 2011; Azizbeigi et al., 2015 |
|
| IL-10 | ↔ | Brenner et al., 1999; Wadley et al., 2015 | ↑] 1.57; 32.99 [x d = 4.55 ± 3.37 |
Ostrowski et al., 1999; Nieman et al., 2012; Gonzalo-Calvo et al., 2015; Ulven et al., 2015 |
| ↔ | Brenner et al., 1999; Wadley et al., 2015 |
|||
| IL-8 | ↑1.43 x d = 1.04 |
Mucci et al., 1999 | ↑] 1.37; 2.77 [x d = 3.63 ± 2.41 |
Mucci et al., 1999; Degerstrøm and Østerud, 2006; Nieman et al., 2012; Gonzalo-Calvo et al., 2015 |
| ↔ | Marklund et al., 2013 | |||
| IL-1β | ↑1.13 x d = 0.64 |
Mucci et al., 1999 | ↑] 1.13; 1.50 [x d = 0.58 ± 0.29 |
Mucci et al., 1999; Ostrowski et al., 1999; Nieman et al., 2012 |
| ↔ | Marklund et al., 2013 | |||
| TNF-α | ↔ | Brenner et al., 1999; Marklund et al., 2013; Azizbeigi et al., 2015 |
↔ | Brenner et al., 1999; Bernecker et al., 2011; Azizbeigi et al., 2015 |
| ↑] 1,30; 2.07 [x d = 2.96 ± 2.20 |
Ostrowski et al., 1999; Nieman et al., 2012; Ulven et al., 2015 |
|||
| CRP | ↑1.23 x d = 1.02 |
Draganidis et al., 2013; Marklund et al., 2013# |
↑1.4 x d = 1.15 |
Spiropoulos et al., 2010*; Draganidis et al., 2013 |
| ↔ | Fatouros et al., 2006; Gonzalo-Calvo et al., 2015 |
|||
| CK | ↑] 1.92; 24.16 [x d = 3.09 ± 1.19 |
Draganidis et al., 2013; Marklund et al., 2013 | ↑] 2.19; 4.75 [x d = 3.27 ± 1.89 |
Draganidis et al., 2013; Gonzalo-Calvo et al., 2015; Stelzer et al., 2015 |
| ↔ | Brenner et al., 1999; Azizbeigi et al., 2015 | ↔ | Brenner et al., 1999; Fatouros et al., 2006; Azizbeigi et al., 2015 |
↑, significant increase; ↓, significant decrease; ↔, no change; CRP, C-reactive protein; d, effect size, expressed as mean ± sd; IL, Interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; WBC, white blood cells;
*
Spiropoulos et al. was not included to calculate the increase interval of IL-6 and CRP due very discrepant values after exercise when compared to the other studies (1,0470 and 6,000 times, respectively);
#
Marklund et al. was not included to calculate the increase interval of CRP due baseline value was not detectable.