Fig. 2.

Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1-, neutrophil gelatinase-associated protein (NGAL)-, and osteopontin-associated urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) from idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers (CSFs; n = 64, 33 men and 31 women) and age/sex-matched nonstone formers (n = 40, 20 men and 20 women). Data are presented as natural log (base e = 2.71828) values. Numbers of MCP-1- and NGAL-associated urinary EVs were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in CSFs compared with nonstone formers. Numbers of osteopontin-associated urinary EVs did not differ between groups.