Table 4.
Number of MCP-1-, NGAL-, and OPN- associated urinary extracellular vesicles from the different segmental epithelium of nephrons of idiopathic CSFs with low (<5% papillary surface area) plaque and high (≥5% papillary surface area) plaque numbers
| Segment of the Nephron | Nephron Segmental Epithelium Marker |
Tested Combination Biomarker | CSFs with Low Plaque Numbers (n = 43) |
CSFs with High Plaque Numbers (n = 21) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proximal tubule | URAT1 | MCP1 | 5.9 (1.5, 21.3) | 3.5 (0.5, 27.1) | 0.58 |
| Ascending thin limb | Aquaporin-1 | MCP1 | 2.2 (0.2, 26.3) | 8.4 (0.4, 48.9) | 0.35 |
| Thick limb | Uromodulin | MCP1 | 4.4 (1.9, 12.9) | 1.3 (0.4, 8.1) | 0.05* |
| Distal tubule | SLC12A3 | MCP1 | 2.8 (0.7, 12) | 1.4 (0.2, 8) | 0.23 |
| Collecting duct | Aquaporin-2 | MCP1 | 20.1 (5.9, 67.5) | 9.9 (1.4, 70.6) | 0.19 |
| Papillary duct | Cytokeratin-19 | MCP1 | 2.4 (0.8, 11.4) | 3.4 (0.4, 46.6) | 0.78 |
| Proximal tubule | URAT1 | NGAL | 10.3 (2.7, 38.1) | 7.3 (1.8, 46.3) | 0.66 |
| Ascending thin limb | Aquaporin-1 | NGAL | 5.5 (0.3, 46) | 22.4 (1.5, 97.7) | 0.19 |
| Thick limb | Uromodulin | NGAL | 45 (11.2, 145.7) | 12.4 (4.3, 97.3) | 0.10 |
| Distal tubule | SLC12A3 | NGAL | 5 (1.6, 14.1) | 3.4 (0.9, 21) | 0.49 |
| Collecting duct | Aquaporin-2 | NGAL | 41.1 (13.8, 140.8) | 24.3 (3.9, 137.4) | 0.21 |
| Papillary duct | Cytokeratin-19 | NGAL | 4.2 (1.1, 10.8) | 13 (1.7, 50.3) | 0.13 |
| Proximal tubule | URAT1 | OPN | 7 (1.2, 17.6) | 4.4 (0.6, 49.1) | 0.91 |
| Ascending thin limb | Aquaporin-1 | OPN | 4.2 (0.4, 16.6) | 5.2 (0.7, 60.4) | 0.35 |
| Thick limb | Uromodulin | OPN | 5.4 (1.5, 17.5) | 4.1 (0.7, 133.8) | 0.97 |
| Distal tubule | SLC12A3 | OPN | 3.5 (1.2, 13.6) | 5 (0.3, 48.1) | 0.71 |
| Collecting duct | Aquaporin-2 | OPN | 9.8 (3.1, 33.3) | 8.3 (1.4, 76.1) | 0.86 |
| Papillary duct | Cytokeratin-19 | OPN | 4.2 (0.8, 13) | 3.8 (0.4, 57.1) | 0.70 |
Data are presented as medians (25th percentile, 95th percentile) of the natural log of the respective marker-associated urinary extracellular vesicles/mg creatinine value. CSFs, calcium oxalate stone formers; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated protein; OPN, osteopontin; URAT1, urate transporter 1. Statistical differences between groups were analyzed with a Wilcoxon rank sum test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
*
Statistical significance.