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A schematic model showing the importance of the MMP-9/TIMP-1 axis. An imbalance of the MMP-9 and TIMP-1 axis induces the degradation of ECM, which leads to the loss of BRB integrity and the retinal vascular permeability (BRB breakdown). BRB, blood retinal barrier; ECM, extracellular matrix; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9.
