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Macrocyclic structure of θ-defensins. Top: biosynthesis of theta defensins involves ligation of 2 nonamer peptides (highlighted in yellow and blue) from two polypeptide precursors to form the macrocyclic peptide. Bottom: a schematic representation of rhesus theta-defensin-1 (RTD-1) showing the sequence and cyclic structure of the peptide, the disulfide linkages, and the shaded sequences indicate the nonamer peptides from two precursor polypeptides. Adapted from (39).
