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. 2019 Sep 12;317(6):L893–L903. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00253.2019

Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of frequent and infrequent exacerbators included in baseline sputum soluble mediator and mRNA analyses

Frequent Exacerbators (n = 17) Infrequent Exacerbators (n = 23) P Value
Patients included in baseline sputum-soluble mediator analyses (n = 40)
Male sex 12 (70.6%) 16 (69.6%) 1.0
Age, yr 70 (61–79) 70 (63.5–73.8) 0.79
GOLD stage I/II/III/IV 0/9/5/3 8/13/1/1
Long-term oxygen use 1 (5.8%) 0 (0%) 0.43
Cardiac disease 5 (29.4%) 2 (8.7%) 0.11
Cerebrovascular disease 3 (17.6%) 1 (4.3%) 0.29
Diabetes 2 (11.8%) 1 (4.3%) 0.56
Pulmonary hypertension 0 (0%) 1 (4.3%) 1.0
Inhaled corticosteroid use 12 (70.6%) 9 (39.1%) 0.062
Beta agonist use 16 (94.1%) 19 (82.6%) 0.37
Antimuscarinic inhaler use 15 (88.2%) 14 (60.9%) 0.079
Current smoker 6 (35.5%) 7 (30.4%) 1.0
Frequent Exacerbators (n = 13) Infrequent Exacerbators (n = 23) P Value
Patients included in baseline mRNA analyses (n = 36)
Male sex 10 (76.9%) 16 (69.6%) 0.72
Age, yr 69 (60–74) 67 (59.0–71.5) 0.92
GOLD stage I/II/III/IV 0/8/4/1 8/13/1/1
Long-term oxygen use 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1.0
Cardiac disease 3 (23.1%) 2 (8.7%) 0.33
Cerebrovascular disease 3 (23.1%) 1 (4.3%) 0.12
Diabetes 2 (15.38%) 1 (4.3%) 0.54
Pulmonary hypertension 0 (0%) 1 (4.3%) 1.0
Inhaled corticosteroid use 9 (69.2%) 9 (39.1%) 0.16
Beta agonist use 12 (92.3%) 19 (82.6%) 0.63
Antimuscarinic inhaler use 11 (84.6%) 14 (60.9%) 0.26
Current smoker 6 (26.2%) 7 (30.4%) 0.47

GOLD, Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease. Note that only 36 out of 40 subjects had sufficient sample for mRNA analysis.