A: representative fluorescent image of a coronal brain section ~1.8 mm posterior to bregma showing PVN expression of GFP and the red fluorescent microbead solution that was mixed with injected drug solution to verify injection sites; scale bars, 250 µm. B and C: diagrams of the PVN ~1.8 mm and ~1.9 mm posterior to bregma showing locations of isoprenaline injections in rats previously injected with AAV2-GFP (gray circles) or AAV2-BDNFmyc (filled circles), and phenylephrine (open circles) and aCSF (open triangles) injections in untreated rats. 3V, third ventricle; lm, lateral magnocellular nuclei; dp, dorsal parvocellular nuclei; mp, medial parvocellular nuclei; vlp, ventrolateral parvocellular nuclei; PVN, paraventricular nucleus; GFP, green fluorescent protein; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; BDNFmyc, myc epitope-tagged BDNF; AAV2, adeno-associated viral vector 2; aCSF, artificial cerebrospinal fluid.