Table 2.
Sport | Sample Size | Athletes With at Least One Pars Interarticularis Defect | |
---|---|---|---|
n | % | ||
Archery | |||
Rossi et al26 | 26 | 0 | 0 |
Soler et al27 | 44 | 1 | 2.27 |
Total | 70 | 1 | 1.43 |
Badminton | |||
Kobayashi et al31 | 3 | 2 | 66.66 |
Soler et al27 | 38 | 2 | 5.26 |
Total | 41 | 4 | 9.76 |
Baseball | |||
Rossi et al26 | 21 | 1 | 4.76 |
Kobayashi et al31 | 60 | 37 | 61.67 |
Kobayashi et al31,a | 3 | 0 | 0 |
Kono et al36 | 91 | 14 | 15.38 |
Akimoto et al37 | 143 | 18 | 12.59 |
Hasegawa et al59 | 95 | 22 | 23.16 |
Matsumoto et al60 | 40 | 11 | 27.5 |
Wakitani et al61 | 71 | 38 | 53.52 |
Total | 524 | 141 | 26.91 |
Basketball | |||
Kono et al36 | 66 | 9 | 13.64 |
Rossi et al26 | 174 | 17 | 9.77 |
Kobayashi et al31 | 30 | 15 | 50 |
Soler et al27 | 288 | 19 | 6.6 |
Akimoto et al37 | 96 | 11 | 11.46 |
Total | 654 | 71 | 10.86 |
Baton twirling | |||
Kobayashi et al31 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Bobsledding | |||
Rossi et al26 | 36 | 5 | 13.88 |
Rossi et al26,b | 25 | 2 | 8 |
Soler et al27 | 15 | 3 | 20 |
Total | 76 | 10 | 13.16 |
Boxing | |||
Rossi et al26 | 27 | 3 | 11.11 |
Soler et al27 | 21 | 3 | 14.29 |
Total | 48 | 6 | 12.5 |
Canoeing | |||
Rossi et al26 | 69 | 8 | 11.59 |
Soler et al27 | 162 | 10 | 6.17 |
Total | 231 | 18 | 7.79 |
Cricket (fast bowling) | |||
Crewe et al41 | 46 | 15 | 32.61 |
Ranson et al34 | 28 | 12 | 42.86 |
Hardcastle et al42 | 22 | 12 | 54.54 |
Engstrom et al43 | 51 | 18 | 35.29 |
Foster et al44 | 82 | 9 | 10.98 |
Annear et al45 | 20 | 9 | 45 |
Elliott et al46 | 20 | 11 | 55 |
Total | 269 | 86 | 31.97 |
Cycling | |||
Rossi et al26 | 95 | 13 | 13.68 |
Soler et al27 | 175 | 11 | 6.29 |
Total | 270 | 24 | 8.89 |
Diving | |||
Rossi et al26 | 57 | 23 | 40.35 |
Soler et al27 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 65 | 23 | 35.38 |
Equestrian | |||
Rossi et al26 | 83 | 5 | 6.02 |
Soler et al27 | 16 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 99 | 5 | 5.05 |
Fencing | |||
Rossi et al26 | 143 | 19 | 13.28 |
Soler et al27 | 56 | 6 | 10.71 |
Total | 199 | 25 | 12.56 |
Football (American) | |||
Jones et al51 | 104 | 5 | 4.81 |
Rossi et al26 | 400 | 65 | 16.25 |
McCarroll et al52 | 145 | 22 | 15.2 |
Soler et al27 | 13 | 0 | 0 |
Semon et al53 | 58 | 12 | 20.69 |
Iwamoto et al54 | 742 | 77 | 10.38 |
Ferguson et al55 | 12 | 6 | 50 |
Abe et al56 | 210 | 42 | 20 |
Total | 1720 | 229 | 13.32 |
Golf | |||
Rossi et al26 | 38 | 2 | 5.26 |
Soler et al27 | 52 | 1 | 1.92 |
Total | 90 | 3 | 3.33 |
Gymnastics | |||
Rossi et al26 | 673 | 112 | 16.64 |
Mohriak et al62 | 18 | 1 | 5.56 |
Kobayashi et al31 | 5 | 2 | 40 |
Toueg et al11 | 92 | 6 | 6.52 |
Sward et al32 | 52 | 8 | 15.38 |
Toueg et al63 | 93 | 6 | 6.45 |
Soler et al27 | 235 | 33 | 14.04 |
Bennett et al64 | 13 | 4 | 30.77 |
Kono et al36 | 49 | 4 | 8.16 |
Akimoto et al37 | 61 | 5 | 8.2 |
Jackson et al65 | 100 | 11 | 11 |
Total | 1391 | 192 | 13.80 |
Handball | |||
Rossi et al26 | 42 | 3 | 7.14 |
Kobayashi et al31 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Soler et al27 | 67 | 5 | 7.46 |
Total | 110 | 8 | 7.27 |
Hockey (ice and field) | |||
Rossi et al26 | 170 | 13 | 7.64 |
Soler et al27 | 106 | 3 | 2.83 |
Donaldson et al25 | 25 | 11 | 44 |
Suzuki et al28 | 63 | 10 | 15.87 |
Total | 364 | 37 | 10.16 |
Javelin | |||
Schmitt et al66 | 21 | 14 | 66.67 |
Martial arts | |||
Rossi et al26 | 64 | 10 | 15.62 |
Kobayashi et al31 | 3 | 1 | 33.33 |
Kobayashi et al31 | 2 | 1 | 50 |
Soler et al27 | 43 | 4 | 9.3 |
Kono et al36 | 38 | 4 | 10.53 |
Akimoto et al37,c | 40 | 5 | 12.5 |
Akimoto et al37,d | 49 | 5 | 10.2 |
Kuroki et al67 | 21 | 7 | 33.33 |
Total | 260 | 37 | 14.23 |
Motorcycling | |||
Rossi et al26 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
Mountaineering | |||
Soler et al27 | 63 | 1 | 1.59 |
Paddleball | |||
Soler et al27 | 20 | 2 | 10 |
Pole vaulting | |||
Rebella et al68 | 135 | 4 | 2.96 |
Rowing | |||
Maurer et al69 | 22 | 6 | 27.27 |
Rossi et al26 | 246 | 19 | 7.72 |
Soler et al27 | 77 | 13 | 16.88 |
Total | 345 | 38 | 11.01 |
Rugby | |||
Rossi et al26 | 65 | 7 | 10.76 |
Kobayashi et al31 | 5 | 1 | 20 |
Soler et al27 | 40 | 2 | 5 |
Abe et al56 | 169 | 52 | 30.77 |
Total | 279 | 62 | 22.22 |
Sailing | |||
Rossi et al26 | 128 | 22 | 17.18 |
Shooting | |||
Rossi et al26 | 76 | 8 | 10.52 |
Soler et al27 | 81 | 4 | 4.94 |
Total | 157 | 12 | 7.64 |
Skating (ice) | |||
Rossi et al26 | 42 | 3 | 7.14 |
Skating (roller) | |||
Soler et al27 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
Skiing | |||
Rossi et al26 | 154 | 25 | 16.23 |
Rossi et al26,e | 18 | 2 | 11.11 |
Soler et al27 | 77 | 6 | 7.79 |
Total | 249 | 33 | 13.25 |
Soccer | |||
Kobayashi et al31 | 47 | 25 | 53.19 |
Sward et al32 | 31 | 2 | 6.45 |
Soler et al27 | 55 | 1 | 1.82 |
Murase et al70 | 160 | 14 | 8.75 |
Kono et al36 | 264 | 23 | 8.71 |
Akimoto et al37 | 320 | 28 | 8.75 |
Kyo et al71 | 37 | 18 | 48.65 |
Matsumoto et al60 | 60 | 19 | 31.67 |
Total | 974 | 130 | 13.35 |
Sumo | |||
Nakagawa72 | 37 | 5 | 13.51 |
Swimming | |||
Rossi et al26,f | 307 | 34 | 11.07 |
Kobayashi et al31 | 1 | 1 | 100 |
Engstrom et al.43 | 20 | 4 | 20 |
Soler et al27 | 176 | 18 | 10.23 |
Soler et al27,g | 11 | 1 | 9.09 |
Kono et al36 | 55 | 10 | 18.18 |
Akimoto et al37 | 117 | 12 | 10.26 |
Total | 687 | 80 | 11.64 |
Table tennis | |||
Rossi et al26 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Kobayashi et al31 | 4 | 3 | 75 |
Kono et al36 | 25 | 3 | 12 |
Akimoto et al37 | 34 | 4 | 11.76 |
Total | 64 | 10 | 15.63 |
Tennis | |||
Rossi et al26 | 306 | 36 | 11.76 |
Kobayashi et al31 | 10 | 4 | 40 |
Sward et al32 | 30 | 3 | 10 |
Soler et al27 | 91 | 1 | 1.1 |
Maquirriain et al33 | 139 | 3 | 2.16 |
Alyas et al73 | 33 | 9 | 27.27 |
Rajeswaran et al35 | 98 | 29 | 29.59 |
Kono et al36 | 53 | 8 | 15.09 |
Akimoto et al37 | 67 | 9 | 13.43 |
Total | 827 | 102 | 12.33 |
Track and field | |||
Rossi et al26 | 353 | 61 | 17.28 |
Rossi et al26,h | 54 | 11 | 20.37 |
Kobayashi et al31 | 13 | 4 | 30.77 |
Soler et al27 | 685 | 61 | 8.91 |
Kono et al36 | 144 | 19 | 13.19 |
Akimoto et al37 | 206 | 23 | 11.17 |
Soler et al27,i | 9 | 0 | 0 |
Soler et al27,j | 90 | 7 | 7.78 |
Total | 1554 | 186 | 11.97 |
Volleyball | |||
Rossi et al26 | 150 | 16 | 10.66 |
Kobayashi et al31 | 12 | 1 | 8.33 |
Soler et al27 | 70 | 7 | 10 |
Külling et al12 | 29 | 6 | 20.69 |
Akimoto et al37 | 53 | 2 | 3.77 |
Total | 314 | 32 | 10.19 |
Weight lifting | |||
Rossi et al26 | 112 | 25 | 22.32 |
Kotani et al74 | 26 | 8 | 30.77 |
Soler et al27 | 85 | 11 | 12.94 |
Granhed et al75 | 13 | 2 | 15.38 |
Total | 236 | 46 | 19.49 |
Wrestling | |||
Rossi et al26 | 80 | 20 | 25 |
Soler et al27 | 143 | 16 | 11.19 |
Sward et al32 | 30 | 2 | 6.67 |
Granhed et al75 | 32 | 4 | 12.5 |
Total | 285 | 42 | 14.74 |
a Softball.
b Luge, not bobsledding.
c Judo.
d Kendo.
e Water skiing.
f Synchronized swimming and water polo.
g Synchronized swimming.
h Pentathlon/triathlon.
i Pentathlon.
j Triathlon.