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Peptidoglycan structure and sites of hydrolase cleavage. (1) Glucosaminidases cleave between N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNac) and N-acetyl muramic acid (MurNac). (2) Muramidases (lysozymes) and lytic transglycosylases cleave between MurNac and GlcNac. (3) L-alanine-amidases cleave between the MurNac and the first amino acid of the peptide stem, an alanine. (4) Endopeptidases cleave between the peptide bonds in the peptide stem, or in the cross-bridge that links the stems.
