Table 2.
Hepatic lipid deposition, lipid peroxides, activities of antioxidant enzymes and proinflammatory cytokines.
| NAFLD-C | BL | BF | BLF | Positive-C | Normal-C | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hepatic TG (µg/mg protein) | 358 ± 16a | 301 ± 13c | 300 ± 13c | 308 ± 14c | 321 ± 15b | 241 ± 14d |
| Hepatic cholesterol (µg/mg protein) | 180 ± 12a | 150 ± 11c | 172 ± 10a | 159 ± 9b | 158 ± 10b | 147 ± 10c |
| Hepatic glycogen (µg/mg protein) | 37.1 ± 1.3d | 44.2 ± 2.4b | 41.0 ± 2.7c | 45.8 ± 2.6b | 43.9 ± 3.0bc | 52.1 ± 4.7a |
| Hepatic MDA (nmol/mg protein) | 26.8 ± 1.6a | 23.3 ± 2.2b | 24.1 ± 1.9b | 20.7 ± 1.3c | 24.0 ± 2.0b | 24.3 ± 2.2b |
| Hepatic SOD (U/mg protein) | 31.7 ± 2.7c | 36.5 ± 3.1ab | 33.4 ± 3.1b | 37.5 ± 3.7a | 35.7 ± 2.9ab | 35.9 ± 3.1ab |
| Hepatic GSH peroxide (U/mg protein) | 54.1 ± 4.9b | 65.7 ± 5.3ab | 61.5 ± 5.5b | 68.6 ± 5.6a | 65.1 ± 5.3ab | 64.7 ± 5.8ab |
| Hepatic GSH (umol/g protein) | 20.5 ± 1.8c | 26.2 ± 1.6b | 25.7 ± 2.1b | 28.5 ± 2.3a | 27.2 ± 3.1ab | 28.9 ± 2.9a |
| Hepatic TNF-α (pg/g tissue) | 9.8 ± 0.9a | 8.0 ± 0.7bc | 8.8 ± 0.8b | 7.4 ± 0.8c | 7.8 ± 0.7c | 6.8 ± 0.7d |
Note: Values are means ± standard deviation (n = 10). Rats consumed high-fat diets containing (1) 50% ethanol blackberry leaf (450 mg/kg bw; BL), (2) 50% ethanol blackberry fruit extract (450 mg/kg bw; BF), (3) the mixture of blackberry leaf and fruit extracts (2:1; 150 mg/kg bw; BLF), (4) dextrin (450 mg/kg bw; NAFLD-control) and (5) milk thistle extracts (150 mg/kg bw; positive-control) for 12 weeks. Additionally, rats had low-fat diet (20 En% fat diet) with 450 mg dextrin/kg bw as a normal-control.
a,b,c,d Means on the same row with different letters were significantly different by Tukey’s test at P < 0.05.