Table 3.

Liver damage index and lipid profiles in the circulation.

	NAFLD-C	BL	BF	BLF	Positive-C	Normal-C
Serum AST (IU/L)	50.3±3.1a	38.5±2.3c	44.8±3.0b	37.2±2.7c	44.5±2.8b	41.3±2.0bc
Serum ALT (IU/L)	38.6±2.5a	22.5±2.1c	26.4±1.8b	19.8±2.1c	26.0±2.6bc	20.4±2.0c
Serum total-C (mg/dL)	105.5±9.0a	78.0±3.2d	85.3±4.7c	92.6±5.8b	90.5±6.1bc	90.2±7.8bc
Serum HDL-C (mg/dL)	13.2±0.7	13.3±0.8	12.8±1.2	13.2±0.9	13.8±1.1	13.8±0.9
Serum LDL-C (mg/dL)	62.9±3.4a	50.6±2.6b	51.0±3.8b	46.6±3.9c	51.2±3.1b	61.8±3.1a
Serum TG (mg/dL)	79.7±4.8a	54.6±3.4c	62.6±4.7b	70.1±5.1a	66.4±4.6ab	64.1±3.2b
Serum glucose (mg/dL)	122±10	119±8	122±9	119±6	121±6	114±8
Serum insulin (ng/mL)	0.62±0.08a	0.47±0.07b	0.56±0.09ab	0.53±0.08b	0.55±0.07ab	0.52±0.08b
HOMA-IR	8.4±0.9a	6.2±0.8c	7.6±1.0ab	7.0±0.9bc	7.4±0.8b	6.9±0.9bc
Serum NEFA	0.74±0.10a	0.56±0.08bc	0.61±0.09b	0.58±0.08bc	0.60±0.09b	0.51±0.08c

Note: Values are means±standard deviation (n = 10). Rats consumed high-fat diets containing (1) 50% ethanol blackberry leaf (450 mg/kg bw; BL), (2) 50% ethanol blackberry fruit extract (450 mg/kg bw; BF), (3) the mixture of blackberry leaf and fruit extracts (2:1; 150 mg/kg bw; BLF), (4) dextrin (450 mg/kg bw; NAFLD-control) and (5) milk thistle extracts(150 mg/kg bw; positive-control) for 12 weeks. Additionally, rats had low-fat diet (20 En% fat diet) with 450 mg dextrin/kg bw as a normal-control.

^a,b,c,d Means on the same row with different letters were significantly different by Tukey’s test at P < 0.05.