Table 1.
Antimicrobial effect of honey from different geographical locations.
| Geographical Variation in Honeys Antimicrobial Activity | ||
|---|---|---|
| Country of Origin | Honey Sample | Organisms |
| Australia | ||
| New Zealand [13] | Manuka | Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| New Zealand [22] | Manuka | S. aureus, MRSA, MSSA, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumonia, ESBL E. coli |
| Australia [23] | Leptospermum based honey | S. aureus |
| North America | ||
| Canada [24] | Canadian Honey | E. coli, Bacillus subtilis |
| Cuba [14] | Christmas vine, Morning glory, Black mangrove, Linen vine, Singing bean | S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and B. subtilis |
| South America | ||
| Chile [11] | Ulmo Honey | MRSA, E. coli and P. aeruginosa |
| Argentina [18] | Algarrobo, citrus and multifloral honey | S. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, E. coli, Morganella morganii and P. aeruginosa |
| Europe | ||
| Scotland [19] | Blossom, heather, Highland, Portobello Orchard | Acinetobactor calcoaceticus, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli |
| Northwest Spain [17] | Rubus Honey | S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, E. faecalis, B. cereus, Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Salmonella. typhimurium |
| Denmark [15] | Heather, Rasberry, Rapeseed, Hawthorn and White Clover | S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli |
| Slovakia [25] | Honeydew Honey | P. aeruginosa and S. aureus |
| Asia | ||
| China [13] | Buckwheat Honey | S. aureus and P. aeruginosa |
| Saudi Arabia [26] | Sider Honey | S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Corynebacteria pseudotuberculosis, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa and E. coli |
| Africa | ||
| Algeria [9] | Astragalus, Wall-rocket, Eucalyptus, Legume, Peach, Juniper, Buckthorn and multifloral | Clostridium perfringens, S. aureus, E. coli and B. subtilis. |
| Nigeria [27] | Wildflower and Bitter leaf Honey | S. typhimurium, Shigella dysenteriae, E. coli, B. cereus and S. aureus |
| Egypt [21] | Cotton, Blackseed, Orange, Eucalyptus, Sidr and Clover Honey | E. coli, S. aureus, Streptococcus mutans, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa and K. pnuemoniae |
| Egypt [26] | Acacia, Citrus, Clover, Coriander, Cotton and Palm Honey | S. aureus, S. pyogenes, Corynebacteria pseudotuberculosis, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa and E. coli |