Table 1.
Protection of plants by plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) against viral diseases.
| Strain of PGPM | Plants | Method of Treatment | PGPM Effectiveness Against Viruses | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas syringae (heat-killed cells) | Nicotiana tabacum | Foliar spraying | Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) | [35] |
| Bacillus uniflagellatus | Nicotiana tabacum | Soil drench | TMV | [36] |
| Pseudomonas lachrymans | Cucumis sativus | Foliar spraying | Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) | [37] |
| Bacillus spp. | Gossypium herbaceum | Soil drench/foliar spray | Tobacco streak virus (TSV) | [38] |
| B. amyloliquefaciens MBI600 | Solanum lycopersicum/Solanum tuberosum | Foliar spraying | Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) | [24] |
| B. amyloliquefaciens FZB24, FZB42 | Nicotiana tabacum | Soaking the roots | TMV | [39] |
| B. pumilus EN16 | Nicotiana tabacum | Soaking the roots | TMV | [40] |
| B. subtilis SW1 | Nicotiana tabacum | Soaking the roots | TMV | [40] |
| B. subtilis Ch13 | Solanum tuberosum | Micro-tubers spraying | PVY, potato virus X (PVX) | [41] |
| Bacillus pumilus T4 | Vigna unguiculata | Seed spraying | Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV) | [42] |
| Bacillus subtilis GBO3 | Vigna unguiculata | Seed spraying | BCMV | [42] |
| B. pumilus SE34 | Solanum lycopersicum | Seed spraying | CMV | [43] |
| P. fluorescens CHA0 | Nicotiana tabacum | Foliar spraying | Tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) | [44] |
| P. fluorescens CHA0 | Vigna mungo | Foliar spraying | Urdbean leaf crinkle virus (ULCV) | [45] |
| P. fluorescens P3 | Nicotiana tabacum | Foliar spraying | TNV | [46] |
| Bacillus cereus (I-35), Stenotrophomonas sp. (II-10) | Capsicum annuum | Seed treatment and soil drench | TMV virus, Chili veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) | [47] |
| Pseudozyma churashimaensis | Capsicum annuum | Soil drench | CMV, pepper mottle virus (PMV), pepper mild mottle virus (PMMV), and Broad bean wilt virus (BBWV) | [48] |
| Paenibacillus lentimorbus B-30488 | Nicotiana tabacum | Soil drench | CMV | [49] |
| Azotobacter vinelandii, Azotobacter chroococcum | Solanum tuberosum | Tuber drench | PVY, PVX, PLRV | [50] |
| P. putida A3 | Nicotiana tabacum | Soil drench | TMV | [51] |
| B. pumilus | Nicotiana tabacum | Leaves juice | TMV (destroying viral particles) | [52] |
| Bacillus pumilus SE34, Kluyvera cryocrescens IN114, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IN937a, Bacillus subtilus IN937b | Solanum lycopersicum | Soil drench | CMV | [53] |
| Rhodopseudomonas palustris GJ-22 | Nicotiana tabacum | Seed treatment | TMV | [54] |
| S. marcescens 90-166 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Seed treatment | CMV | [55] |
| B. amyloliquefaciens 5B6 | Capsicum annuum | Foliar treatment | CMV | [56] |
| Microbial consortiums | ||||
| Bacillus subtilis GB03 + B. pumilus SE34/B. amyloliquefaciens IN937a/B. subtilis IN937b/B. pumilus INR7/B. pumilus T4 | Solanum lycopersicum | Seed treatment | CMV | [57] |
| Serattia marcescens 90-166 + P. putida 89B-61/B. pumilus SE34 | Cucumis sativus | Seed spraying | CMV | [58,59] |
| Bacillus licheniformis MML2501 + Bacillus sp. MML2551 + Pseudomonas aeruginosa MML2212 + Streptomyces fradiae MML1042 | Helianthus annuus | Seed treatment | Sunflower necrosis virus disease (SNVD) | [60] |
| B. amyloliquefaciens IN937a + B. pumilus SE34 + B. pumilus T4 | Carica papaya /Solanum lycopersicum | Seed treatment | Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-W) /Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) | [61] |
| P. fluorescens Pf1. + Bacillus spp. EPB22 incidence with a final efficiency of up to 80% | Musa spp | Foliar treatment | Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) | [62] |
| Individual strain/microbial consortiums + chemical immunoregulators | ||||
| P. fluorescens CHAO+chitin | Musa spp. | Soil drench | BBTV | [20] |
| Pseudomonas sp. (206 (4) + B-15 + JK-16 + chitosan olygomers | Solanum lycopersicum | Seed treatment | Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) | [21] |
| Bacillus polymixa + Pseudomonas fluorescens + chitin olygomers | Cucumis sativus | Seed treatment | Squash mosaic virus (SqMV) | [22] |
| B. pumulus INR7 + benzothiadiazole | Capsicum annuum | Foliar treatment | CMV | [23] |