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Vesicle-like structures are released by A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm. (a) A. actinomycetemcomitans cells in the biofilm release vesicles, and (b) similar structures can be observed inside the epithelium. (c) (arrows) A few particles resembling single A. actinomycetemcomitans cells are observed inside the necrotic epithelium and inside the epithelial cells beneath the necrotic layer.
