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Effects of dopamine (DA) application on plant height (A) and root/shoot ratio (B) of apple seedlings under alkali stress for 15 days. Data are means ± SD (n = 15). Tukey’s multiple range test (two-way) based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) was chosen to analyze the data. Values with different letters are significantly different (P< 0.05). For information on treatments, please see Figure 3.
