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. 2019 Dec 7;8(12):580. doi: 10.3390/plants8120580

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of dopamine (DA) application on chlorophyll a (chl a, A), chlorophyll b (chl b, B), total chlorophyll (chl t, C), and Fv/Fm (D) of apple seedlings under alkali stress for 15 days. Data are means ± SD (for Fv/Fm, n = 15; for the others, n = 3). Tukey’s multiple range test (two-way) based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) was chosen to analyze the data. Values with different letters are significantly different (P< 0.05). For information on treatments, please see Figure 3.

Effects of dopamine (DA) application on chlorophyll a (chl a, A), chlorophyll b (chl b, B), total chlorophyll (chl t, C), and Fv/Fm (D) of apple seedlings under alkali stress for 15 days. Data are means ± SD (for Fv/Fm, n = 15; for the others, n = 3). Tukey’s multiple range test (two-way) based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) was chosen to analyze the data. Values with different letters are significantly different (P< 0.05). For information on treatments, please see Figure 3.