Table 1.
Effects of dopamine (DA) application on the root architecture of apple seedlings under alkali stress.
| CK | CK+DA | AL | AL+DA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Root Length (cm) | 540.24 ± 77.15ab | 580.60 ± 33.75a | 363.19 ± 14.03d | 456.95 ± 23.93bc |
| Root Diameter (mm) | 0.57 ± 0.02b | 0.60 ± 0.05ab | 0.59 ± 0.04ab | 0.70 ± 0.05a |
| Root Volume (cm3) | 1.38 ± 0.07b | 2.38 ± 0.42a | 1.33 ± 0.14b | 2.42 ± 0.40a |
| Tips | 1031.75 ± 25.82a | 1011.00 ± 100.33a | 569.00 ± 50.01b | 817.25 ± 191.62ab |
| Forks | 2418.00 ± 244.71b | 3272.33 ± 211.76a | 1914.00 ± 99.27c | 2406.67 ± 38.39bc |
| Root Surface Area (cm2) | 65.64 ± 5.48bc | 89.91 ± 4.94a | 61.76 ± 3.11c | 76.85 ± 5.99b |
Data are means ± SD (n = 10). Tukey’s multiple range test (two-way) based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) was chosen to analyze the data. Values with different letters of each index are significantly different (P < 0.05). For information on treatments, please see Figure 3.